Articles on Whether to Obey or to not Obey - 1027 Words

The first article written by David Brooks was entitled â€Å"The Follower Problem†. The main idea is that regardless the real actions of the leaders; nowadays followers have lost the capability of respect and judge authority rationally. According to the author this is mainly due to a strong empowerment of the population. Every individual wants to be personally satisfied; in fact, we have become cynical, we have moved our focused from the wellbeing of the community as a whole to the pursuing of an egoistically individual welfare. The author gives an ironic yet curious solution to the followers’ problem, emulating the Internet. Defined by the author as: â€Å"a disbursed semi-anarchic in which authority is suspected and each individual is king.† It is the ultimate form of democracy, in which no absolute leader is proclaimed, and everyone holds a share of power. Unfortunately, this semi-anarchic proto-world would soon turn into an absolute anarchic one, where power would become so distorted that would inevitably be the cause of its own failure. According to the author we must have a clear vision of our leaders in order to consider them â€Å"just† and to ultimately obey to their guidance. We must be â€Å"just† followers in order to recognize a â€Å"just† leader among all of the â€Å"unjust† ones. Obeying to leadership is as important as having a sane population to be lead. The second article written by Erich Fromm was entitled â€Å"Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem.† The main idea is thatShow MoreRelatedOrders: Non-commissioned Officer and Order Essay1011 Words   |  5 Pagesallegiance to the same; and that I will obey the orders of the President of the United States and the orders of the officers appointed over me, according to regulations and the Uniform Code of Military Justice.† Whether you’re black or white, woman or man, your first language learned was Spanish or English, if you enlist in the United States Military you swear this oath. National Guard enlistees swear a similar oath but with an addition that they â€Å"swear to obey the orders of the Governor of theirRead MoreArticle 92 - Essay1245 Words   |  5 PagesArticle 92 of the uniform code of military justice is when a solider fails to obey an order or regulation given to them by an NCO, officer, or someone pointed above them in section or squad. Article 92 is perhaps the most important article in the entirety of the Uniform Code of Military Justice. Any military member, whether in the Army, Air Force, Marines, Navy, or Coast Guard who fail to obey a lawful order of their superiors risk serious consequences. Article 92 of the Uniform Code of MilitaryRead MoreArticle 92 - Essay1237 Words   |  5 PagesArticle 92 of the uniform code of military justice is when a solider fails to obey an o rder or regulation given to them by an NCO, officer, or someone pointed above them in section or squad. Article 92 is perhaps the most important article in the entirety of the Uniform Code of Military Justice. Any military member, whether in the Army, Air Force, Marines, Navy, or Coast Guard who fail to obey a lawful order of their superiors risk serious consequences. Article 92 of the Uniform Code of MilitaryRead MoreImportance of Maintaining Your Room and Obeying Orders Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pageshe or she becomes sick, could cause other soldiers to become sick. When one soldier becomes the source of other soldiers being sick then that soldier could be face possible punishment under Article 134 of the Universal Code of Military Justice for Article 134 states as follows: 934. ART. 134. GENERAL ARTICLE Though not specifically mentioned in this chapter, all disorders and neglects to the prejudice of good order and discipline in the armed forces, all conduct of a nature to bring discredit uponRead MoreImportance of Barracks Cleanliness Essay1729 Words   |  7 Pagesbecomes the source of other soldiers being sick then that soldier could be face possible punishment under Article 134 of the Universal Code of Military Justice. Even thought it is only a general Article, it still looks bad against the soldier, especially if the soldier is up for promotion and is getting ready to go out to the promotion board. Article 134 states as follows: 934. ART. 134. GENERAL ARTICLE. Though not specifically mentioned in this chapter, all disorders and neglects to the prejudice of goodRead MoreDisobedience Vs Obedience1700 Words   |  7 PagesIn society, obedience to authority is ingrained in humanity from an early age, causing some individuals to blindly obey orders without contemplating the credib ility of the source. In psychoanalyst Erich Fromm’s article â€Å"Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem,† he explains that throughout human history obedience has been associated with virtue and disobedience with sin (Fromm 127). Fromm suggests that our conscience is an internalized voice of authority (126). Fromm claims individuals needRead MoreThe Perils Of Obedience, And A Few Good Men1059 Words   |  5 PagesEveryday, people are forced to face with vicious circle of decisions: whether to stick to their morals or obey the authority figure. But it’s a fact that people have a propensity to obey authority, more than to preserve their own morals. A Few Good Men is a film that illustrates the struggle every marine faces-- to follow orders, good or bad. But why would marines follow the orders without hesitation if that order questions the principles they live by? Because the orders in the navy are meant toRead MoreEssay on Comparative Analysis of A Fe w Good Men1371 Words   |  6 PagesThe motion picture A Few Good Men challenges the question of why Marines obey their superiors’ orders without hesitation. The film illustrates a story about two Marines, Lance Corporal Harold W. Dawson and Private First Class Louden Downey charged for the murder of Private First Class William T. Santiago. Lieutenant Daniel Kaffee, who is known to be lackadaisical and originally considers offering a plea bargain in order to curtail Dawson’s and Downey’s sentence, finds himself fighting for the freedomRead MoreCustomer Service And Employee Satisfaction1604 Words   |  7 Pagesbusiness. Meaning that the better the leadership, the better the business. Quality leadership one of the major keys of developing good customer service and employee satisfaction. Considering obedience defines whether we obey or disobey the authority, many individuals today have no choice but to obey. Leaders of businesses are far along being autocratic t o their leadership style instead of democratic. Individuals feel afraid and feel like slaves to the higher ranked authority that has all the power andRead MoreThe Experiments Conducted By Stanley Milgram s The Perils Of Obedience1039 Words   |  5 Pagesbefore and during World War II, and the Nazi’s ability to maintain control of the Jewish people. While the experiments performed were cruel and insensitive, I agree with the conclusions Milgram gained from the experiments because people are taught to obey authority from childhood, and Ordinary people can commit immoral acts and, defiance can result in punishment. In the experiment there would be a teacher and a learner even though the real focus would be on the teacher, and this would help Milgram test

Subjective Presentation Of A Happy Teenager Headed Home...

Victoria Gerber Professor Harris M.D. Sociology 131 26 June 2015 Part I: Subjective Presentation I was thirteen, a happy teenager headed home from a weekend at the lake alongside my best friend and her family. It was one of the moments in life that I will never forget in hindsight, for many different reasons. We had spent all weekend on the boat, laughing, and tubing. At thirteen, I had my family, my friends, food and shelter over my head. What more could a girl ask for? On the four-hour car ride home I had been calling my parents, and else anyone that I could think of to let them know we were safe and headed home, all without hearing a word back. I began to have a gut feeling that something wasn’t right; my gut knew something that I†¦show more content†¦We all thought that we were the ones to blame, that we had been the bad kids that had split up our parents. I didn’t talk to my dad for a long time; I couldn’t bear it while I was living with my mom. She was inconsolable for a year. She would cry on my shoulder and wonder what went wrong. In hindsig ht, there was a lot wrong with their marriage. They fought and argued, and overall weren’t happy for a long time. As I’ve gotten older, I’ve learned to not do things that I know I will regret, and I regret not talking to my dad. Over the years, we’ve had conversations about how I acted and how bad it hurt him and it’s one of the few things in my life that I will always regret. I was young and didn’t stop to think about how it would really affect him, but I wish that I could have gotten past the hurt and anger that I felt and reached out to him sooner. To me, I blamed my dad, because I lived with my mom and she blamed my dad. It was difficult having only one parent speak so badly about another parent and I didn’t know how to handle it. There were so many legal aspects to my parents divorce; it took three years for the process to finally be settled. It took three years for life to return to a semi-normal state. The lawyers

Trend in Heritage Tourism Free Essays

string(45) " used to target a selective of participants\." Are the trends in Heritage tourism having an effect on world Heritage sites? | | Abstract Using in depth secondary research this paper aims to examine the impacts of heritage tourism to various heritage sites in terms of potential threats and opportunities associated with tourism development and growth. In addition there will be an analysing of the research methodologies used in order to identify theoretical framework surrounding area of study to clarify the outcomes of results. With effective management and planning heritage tourism can contribute to the local economy as well as the preservation and restoration of the historical monuments at the same time connecting the local culture, which represents a significant period of human history, with global cultures. We will write a custom essay sample on Trend in Heritage Tourism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although benefits of this type of tourism do exist there are various issues apparent at numerous historical sites. This study focuses on the concept of sustainability in terms of understanding the implications of tourism to built heritage and its surroundings. nd the local culture, as well as to the development of the communities if planning and management is that dwell therein in terms of planning and management in order to restore, preserve historical monuments at the same time understand Abstract Using in depth secondary research this paper aims to examine the impacts of heritage tourism to various heritage sites in terms of potential threats and opportunities associated with tourism development and growth. In addition there will be an analysing of the research methodologies used in order to identify theoretical framework surrounding area of study to clarify the outcomes of results. With effective management and planning heritage tourism can contribute to the local economy as well as the preservation and restoration of the historical monuments at the same time connecting the local culture, which represents a significant period of human history, with global cultures. Although benefits of this type of tourism do exist there are various issues apparent at numerous historical sites. This study focuses on the concept of sustainability in terms of understanding the implications of tourism to built heritage and its surroundings. nd the local culture, as well as to the development of the communities if planning and management is that dwell therein in terms of planning and management in order to restore, preserve historical monuments at the same time understand | | | Introduction A catalyst for poverty alleviation, tourism is considered to be one of the world’s largest industries, as it acts as a key driver for development through foreign exchange earnings and the formation of direct and indirect employment WTO (2012, a). Tourism contributes 5% of the world’s GDP and accounts for 6% of the world’s exports in services, making it the fourth largest export sector after fuels, chemicals and automotive products. Tourism is accountable for 235 million jobs or one in every 12 jobs globally (WTO 2012, a). With a record of 705 million tourists up to August 2012, global tourism is to rise to 1billion by the end of 2012(WTO, 2012, b). In 2007, cultural tourism accounted for 40% of all international tourism (Mintel, 2010). These results produced are highly adequate as they directly came from WTO whom monitors the trends of tourism and provide an up to date statistic analysis in a timely mode in order understand the affects and impacts of tourism on a global level. The results from Mintel can be considered reliable as information was influenced by organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) tourism committee whom activity aims at promoting the culture of evaluation in tourism. As the growth in tourism can help sustain cultural heritage sites, but has severe consequences, since immense growth can affect the configuration of cultural sites and monuments as they are becoming heavily congested by tourist. Discussions and analysis of key theories and interpretation of research methods Heritage mainly represents the past and the future, its meaning is associated with the word in heritance which basically explains when something is passed from one generation to the next generation. Heritage acts as a carrier of historical values from the past, which can be viewed as part of the cultural tradition. Therefore the linkage between heritage and tourism exist by reconstructing the past in the present through interpretation i. e. cultural brokers (Nuryanti,1996). Heritage tourism is a form of special interest tourism (Nuryanti,1996). Heritage can be a form of living or built elements of culture which has intangible or tangible features such as buildings, locations, cuisines and arts and crafts (Timothy and Nyaupane, 2009). The academic adapted these view by exploring various tourism related journals. This may be reliable as they are peer viewed by other academics and experts round the area of study. This type of research method can help when trying to understand a specific study area before it can progress to any other research methods. However journals may not be able to answer a specific question that needs to be investigated as it has been created around the academics particular area of study, answering questions that the academics are particularly researching or investigating around. According to Zepal and Hall (1991) heritage tourism motivations are based on ‘’nostalgia for the past and the desire to experience diverse cultural landscapes and forms†. This quote may not be factual but rather the author’s perspectives as the postmodern tourist may have influence by other motives. The motives to visit cultural historical sites were influenced by having a curiosity in history, visiting cultural attractions/events and visiting a historical attractions/events (Kolar and zabkar,2010 cited in Swarbrooke,1999). Cultural motivations can give an idea of what precedes authentic experiences (Kolar and zabkar,2010). This information was obtained by the means of conducting a survey on 25 Romanesque heritage sites in four European countries. The results identified that cultural motivation is significant subsequent of both object-based and existential authenticity, which in turn influences tourist perceptions. Although surveys can be gathered quickly and administered easily, response rates can be bias as the results of a survey are randomly sampled, normally used to target a selective of participants. You read "Trend in Heritage Tourism" in category "Papers" Furthermore the results were only generalizing on specific heritage settings. This makes it difficult to identify if tourists have similar experiences and perceptions in other heritage settings. An idea of the motivations and behaviours of heritage tourists are, essential if the impacts on heritage sites are to be managed sustainably (Kolar and zabkar, 2010). Heritage tourism can create employment, alleviate poverty, curb rural flight migration, and increase community empowerment. The dynamic characteristics of tourism can contribute to preserving and enhancing intangible and tangible cultural heritage. However Intangible and tangible cultural assets whether it is built or a living must be analyzed and managed well in order to flourish in an increasingly globalized world. However this relies on stake holder’s involvement such as the partnerships between communities and the tourism and heritage industries. This is because the genuine appreciation for the aspirations and values of all parties can influence the survival of heritage tourism (UNWTO, 2012). This information can be considered as accurate as UNWTO monitor cultural tourism activities and are able to understand the implications of tourism through observations of tourist flows and tourism developments in various heritage sites, in addition working with various stake holders and tourism departments. UNESCO adopted the convention concerning the protection of the world cultural and natural heritage sites in 1972(Garrod and Fyall, 2009). Since then there has been 936 designated world heritage sites located in 159 states party. The aim of the convention is to â€Å"ensure the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission to future generations of cultural and natural heritage of outstanding universal value† (Garrod and Fyall, 2009 cited in UNESCO, 2008:2). The information produce can be considered accurate as it was obtained from UNESCO published documents which is based on factual information rather than ones opinion. However it has been debated that the world Heritage listings has had an influenced in the increase in visitor numbers to world heritage sites. Considerable growth in tourist interest has been distinguished as a driving aspect in latest world heritage selections (Landorf 2009 cited in Jones Munday, 2001). This information was conducted by observations of tourist movements to six heritage sites in the UK. However as this type of research gathered is a form of observation it may be considered as a genuine approach as visitors do not notice that they are being watch so they would act to their normal nature. This approach allows you to understanding certain tourist’s behaviour patterns which can be based on Mathieson and Wall (1982) consumer buying behaviour model. The research associated with the Mathieson and Wall (1982) consumer buying behaviour model can be considered out dated as it does not look into the current perspectives of geographical approaches to understanding consumer behaviour. A more current consumer behaviour model will need to be adapted in order to understand today’s tourists as they may differ from the past tourists. Tourism might place stress on world heritage sites which growth, is intensified by which contradicts the standards at the core of the World Heritage Convention, which emphasis that world heritage sites should maintain a function in current community life at the same time being preserved for transmission to future generations (UNESCO, 1972, b). In this case it is a vital issue that tourism activities should be sustainable in order to allow sites that gain world heritage status to maintain their status (Garrod Fyall, 2000). The information was conducted using desk top research. This information may be bias as it is based on expert’s personal opinions. Tourism may not be the best solution for the development of heritage sites unless planning is involved. Heritage tourism can influence community developments. For example Wadi Al-Hitan in Egypt, witnessed small scale developments by local communities supplying most of the services available to the visitor’s experiences. Management of the heritage site worked closely with locals of the site to develop their capacity in regards to the site but also with regards to developing their skills for providing these services to the tourists i. e. tour guides. A positive outcome has been associated with this is economic development of local communities due to well-planned tourism at Wadi Al Hitan. The Canaima National Park in Venezuela and Shiretoko in Japan are other examples of sites that also demonstrate good methods for community involvement and collaboration and hence development of heritage sites (Borges et al, 2011). This information was collected by taking notes from the interviews from experts in this area of study. Interviews are very effective if conducted using appropriate questions in order to get an instant answer to your questions raised. This method of research is beneficial as it can validate information that already exists. The results for this interview did indicate that there are some positive outcomes for heritage tourism if managed well, however stakeholders will have to involve to community for it to be successful. Although tourism is normally honoured for being able to reconcile conservation and development goals in or near protected areas, there are existing negative impacts that are affecting world heritage sites status. For example Machu Picchu in Peru faces pressure from 900,000 annual tourists who visit the ancient Inca city. The tourists place a threat on the ecological integrity, physical body and cultural authenticity of the world heritage site and surrounding areas, including the Inca Trail (Larson and Poudyal, 2012). Information was influenced by Andean tour operators. As they are recognised tour operator this type of research approach is good, as they will have connections with other tourism related institutions in order to understand what is going on in particular countries in terms of tourist flows and impacts to particular destinations which they may be operating in. UNESCO has previously warned about uncontrolled access at Machu Picchu in Peru and advised the authorities to make conservation a priority (BBC news, 2012). This information was gather from the BBC news is reliable as news is a source which is most current and up to date with worldwide issues. Due to immense tourism developments at heritage sites planning strategies are essential in order to control tourism (Hall, 2008). For a plan to be successful it needs to implement an effective planning approach which is vision and goal oriented, integrative, market driven, resource driven, consultative and systematic (Hall,2008). However Simpson (2001) identified that specific examples of community involvement in the planning process hardly exist. Environmental and economic objectives are more notional than social objectives, creating problematic process as the three dimensions as they are not being equally treated (Agyeman Evans, 2003). Figure one illustrates the process in which sustainable tourism should be managed at heritage sites. Through sustainability soft and hard visitor management techniques have been implemented at various heritage sites in order to control and monitor visitor flows cooper et al, 2005. This information was obtained by observing the visitor management techniques implemented at the Great Wall of China. In this case this is a good method as the results give an understanding of what management techniques effective for heritage sites. Source: (Larson and Poudyal, 2012) Source: (Larson and Poudyal, 2012) Conclusion It is evident that academics in this area of study heavily rely on qualitative research in order to discover their answer. This may be that due to the nature of heritage tourism, the best way to understand the area is by identifying what motivates tourist to this type of tourism and what are the implications, opportunities and solutions in order to sustain heritage tourism. These types of questions may need to be answered by tourists that participate in this type of tourism and stake holders involved. In this way it can be said that the reason why surveys, interviews and observation methods might be used is to investigate specifically in detail answers that may not be found conducting desk top research, due to the limitations of areas that are specifically studied around a particular academics research. However institutions such as the WTO, OECD use quantitative and qualitative, methods in order measure and monitor progress and direct actions related to tourism related impacts, threats and opportunities. It can be recommended that academics use both qualitative and quantitative research in order to develop well detailed and effective results around the area of study. Overall it is clear from the study that in order for heritage tourism to be preserved sustainability is the key concept surrounding the phenomenon. Tourists, Stake holders, communities and tourism institutions are equally involve in achieving sustainability in world heritage sites as they each have an effect on the outcomes of its survival in terms of future developments. References Agyeman, J. Evans, T. (2003). Toward sustainability in urban communities: Building equal rights with sustainable solutions. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences. 590. pp 35–53. BBC news, (2012) Machu Picchu: Peru unveils plans for new airport. Available at: http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/world-latin-america-19353660 [Accessed: 2nd December, 2012] Borges,A. M. ,Carbone,G. ,Bushell,R. and Jaeger,T. (2011) Sustai nable tourism and natural World Heritage. Switzerland: IUCN Gland, Switzerland Cooper,C. ,Fletcher,J. ,Fyal,A. , Gilbert,D. Wanhill,S. 2005)Tourism principles and practice. Essex: Pearson education limited Garrod, B. , Fyall, A. (2000). Managing heritage tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. 27(3). pp 682–708. Garrod,B. and Fyall,A. Contemporary cases in Tourism. Volume 1. Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers Limited. In UNESCO (2008) World Heritage. Availble at:http://whc. unesco. org/en/list/514 Garrod, B. , Fyall, A. (2000). Managing heritage tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. 27(3). pp 682–708. *Hall, C. M. (2008). Tourism planning. Policies, processes and relationships, Harlow, Pearson Education Limited Kolar,T. and zabkar,V. (2010) A consumer-based model of authenticity: An oxymoron or the foundation of cultural heritage marketing. 31 (5) October. pp. 652–66. In Swarbrooke, J. (1999) The development and management of visitor attractions. Oxford Butterworth-Heinemann, Kolar,T. and zabkar,V. (2010) A consumer-based model of authenticity: An oxymoron or the foundation of cultural heritage marketing. 31 (5). October. pp 652–664 Larson,R. L. and Poudyal,C. N. (2012) Developing sustainable tourism through adaptive resource management: a case study of Machu Picchu, Peru. 0(7). pp 917-938 Landorf ,C. ( 2009) Managing for sustainable tourism: a review of six cultural World Heritage Sites. 17(1). pp53-70. In Jones, C. , Munday, M. (2001). Blaenavon and United Nations World Heritage Site status: Is conservation of industrial heritage a road to local economic development? Regional Studies. 35(6). pp 585–590. Mathieson, A. and Wall, G. (1982) Tourism: Economic, Physical an d Social Impacts. Harlow: Longman. Mintel (2010) Cultural and Heritage Tourism – International. Available at:http://academic. mintel. om/display/482710/? highlight=true[Accessed:2nd December, 2012] Nuryanti,W. (1996) HERITAGE AND POSTMODERN TOURISM. Annalr of Tourirm Research. 23 (2) pp. 249-260, Simpson, K. (2001). Strategic planning and community involvement as contributors to sustainable tourism development. Current Issues in Tourism, 4(1). pp 3–41. Timothy, J. D. and Nyaupane, P. G. 2009 Cultural Heritage and Tourism in the Developing World: A Regional Perspective. Oxon: Routledge UNWTO (2012) Tourism and Intangible Cultural Heritage. Available at: http://ethics. unwto. rg/en/content/tourism-and-intangible-cultural-heritage[Accessed: 3rd December,2012] UNESCO. (1972). Convention concerning the protection of the world cultural and natural heritage. Paris: UNESCO. WTO (2012 a) Tourism and Poverty Alleviation. Available at: http://step. unwto. org/en/content/tourism-a nd-poverty-alleviation-1[Accessed: 2nd December, 2012] WTO (2012 b) International tourism strong despite uncertain economy. Available at. http://www2. unwto. org/en/press-release/2012-11-05/international-tourism-strong-despite-uncertain-economy[Accessed: 2nd December, 2012] Zeppal, H. and How to cite Trend in Heritage Tourism, Papers

Business Plan Specific Organization and Business Intity

Question: Describe about the Business Plan for Specific Organization and Business Intity. Answer: How the Mission statement and the strategic plan details will affect the new business plan The major aims or objectives of the business plan are to ensure that there is an increase in not only the production but also the sales of the company. To ensure this was achieved, all the organizational stakeholders who included managers, supervisors, employees, and all the relevant staff of the company were informed about the goals and objectives of the business plan, what was required in terms of performance and the timelines that were associated with each and every activity in the business plan. Before the business plan was developed, the project manager ensured that the goals, objectives, performance requirements as well as the timelines were effectively communicated to the relevant staff through staff memos and through emails. This was quite essential because the success of any organizational business plan is not only dependent on the managers alone, but rather it is a collective responsibility of all the concerned stakeholders in the organization (Grant, 2016). Owing to the fa ct that our company was not achieving the set targets in terms of production and even sales, it was important that a business plan was developed to set out what should be achieved to enhance productivity as well as sales. 2: How a Review of the previous strategic and business plans will assist in the development of the new business plan After reviewing the performance objectives and comparing them to both the business plans goals and the strategic goals , it can truly be ascertained that the performance objectives that have been set are appropriate and they are actually relevant towards the goals which have been set. SMART objectives refer to objectives which are prone to succeed because of not only being clear, but also because of knowing what requires to be attained or achieved. Based on the information, it is quite apparent that that some of the objectives are SMART while others are not. In order to make some of the objectives to be SMART, the objective that sets the sales revenue of the online sales to be more than $250, 000 at the end of second financial quarter of the year need to be changed to at least $150,000. Based on the above information, it can truly be asserted there are various types of skilled labour that may be needed in order to help the organization achieve the goals and objectives that have been set out in the business plan. Such kinds of skilled labour will include Accountants, Information and Communication Technology experts, System Analysts, Web developers, and even web analytics that will be tasked with the responsibility of ascertaining the online sales that have been made at different times of the year. Method of Communication The method of communication that was used to ensure that the requirements of the business plan reached the targeted parties or audience was written communication through the use of staff memo. The use of written communication was quite reliable because it enabled all the concerned stakeholders in the organization become fully aware of the contents of the business plan and what was required out of every concerned stakeholder in order to ensure its success. To ensure that the contents and requirements of the business plan had been comprehended by all the relevant parties, the memo asked the parties to send a confirmation message of attendance to the number of the project manager that was put in the memo. The success of using the written word in communicating to the relevant parties was ascertained after analyzing the number of text messages that had been sent to the project manager. It was ascertained that approximately all people had sent messages confirming a meeting to discuss how t he business plan will both be developed and implemented. The success in the written word as a method of communication was also ascertained through the word of mouth since most members confirmed that they were aware of the requirements of the business plan. Availability of Skilled Labor In the implementation of the business plan, it was prudent to ensure that all the required skilled labor was available at the appropriate times. To ensure that this was achieved, various positions were advertised together with the job descriptions and individuals advised to apply. The relevant recruitment and selection processes were undertaken in which the most qualified individuals for the various positions that had been advertised for the business plan were chosen and subsequently employed (Hair, 2015). The relevant orientation and training procedures were also undertaken to ensure that the people employed were fully aware of their roles and responsibilities. All the people who were selected for the various positions for the implementation of the business plans were during the process of recruitment, interviewing, and selection been effectively tested to ascertain that they had the relevant skills to do the work appropriately. Factors to Consider when Developing or Creating Performance Reports In order to effectively develop performance reports for the business plan, it is prudent to ensure that the objectives, actions, and priorities of the company are well outlined based on the resources which are available. It is also prudent to ensure that the progress of the organization is monitored well across the business plan and any adjustments or amendments made accordingly. To effectively ensure that a performance report is developed, the project manager should ensure that the public purpose of the organization is well explained and that its priorities relate well to the general priorities of the organization. In addition to that, it is also prudent to ensure that the measures of developing performance reports for the company are in line with the appropriate outcomes. This can be done through placing strong analysis of some critical performance aspects. Such measures should thus aid to assess the extent to which various activities in the business plan are actually making progre ss to not only organizational objectives, but also towards the desired outcomes. Techniques used in testing Performance Measurement systems Performance measurement refers to the process that entails the collection, analysis, and reporting of information in regard to the performance of a specific group, individual, system, component, organization or system. Performance measurement comprises of strategies or processes in an organization in order to ascertain whether such outputs are in conjunction with what was initially intended or aimed to be achieved (Ross, 2016). In order to effectively test performance measurement systems, various techniques were used and these include among others: Understanding and mapping business processes and structures. Developing of business performance priorities Comprehending the current performance measurement systems Developing of performance indicators Deciding how to collect the data that is required. Designing of reporting and performance of data presentation formats. Testing and adjusting performance measurement systems Implementing of performance measurement systems. Identification and Reporting of system and Product failures and Variances Failure of a system to work effectively was ascertained to be an indicator that a system had failed and thus it was reported to the relevant personnel that were concerned with its maintenance. In order to ascertain product failures as well as variance, there was abnormality in the normal shape of the product in that there were remarkable differences between the original product and the one that had failed or varied. After the identification of any system and product failures, it was reported to the people who were concerned for appropriate and corrective action to be taken. Corrective action was subsequently taken to ensure that the systems and products were restored to order. Performance indicators that need to be review and refined and the processes used in the identification of relevant changes and modification of performance indicators A performance indicator refers to a measurable value which demonstrates how effective an organization is attaining major business objectives. Most organizations across the world use key performance indicators in evaluation of their overall success at reaching targets. Some of the performances indicators that will be need to be reviewed and refined include financial metrics. Some of the financial metrics that will have to be reviewed and refined includes profit (Ansari Qureshi, 2015). Profits are one of the most vital performance indicators in an organization that is capable of generating high return. Other financial metrics include cost, the cost of goods sold, day sales outstanding, and the sales by region. Other performance indicators include customer metrics which comprise of the customer lifetime value or CLV, Customer Acquisition Cost or CAC, Customer Satisfaction and Retention, Net Promoter Score or NPS, and the Number of customers. Other performance indicators include process metrics that are composed of customer support tickets, percentage of the product defects, and efficiency measures. The people metrics are also key performance metrics and they include among others the Employee Turnover rate or ETR, the Percentage of Response to Open Positions, and employee satisfaction. To identify the relevant modification and changes that are required on the performance indicators, it is important to ensure that sufficient research is done on the key performance indicators in order to ascertain the ones which are appropriate for the implementation of the business plan. After researching, it is important to ascertain the KPIs which will help the company to further comprehend and meet the goals of the organization and ensure that they are effectively integrated throughout the organization. The project managers should also ensure that the KPIs effectively matches the organizational strategy and not just the industry. Changes Made to the system processes and work methods after completing the review process Some of the changes made to the system processes were ensuring that business processes were aligned effectively in order to enhance productivity, efficiency, and even customer satisfaction. Some of the changes that are made to both the system processes and the work methods soon after completion of the review process were mapping, analysis of the process, redesigning, acquisition of the relevant resources, implementation and communication of the changes, and finally reviewing the entire process. The change management should include various stakeholders and these include among others the customers, project manager, the change committee, and change builders. Based on the case study information, some of the people that the plan developers ought to consult when developing performance objectives and measures the people who are tasked with the responsibility of recording the online sales of the organization, the salesmen tasked with the responsibility of selling the companys products and services, the organizations, managers, supervisors, and the entire management, and even members of the community who should be consulted in order to ascertain the kind of sports as well as entertainment events that may suit respective communities. Based on the case information that has been provided so far, there are numerous human, physical, and financial resources that could be needed in order to achieve the goals of the business plan. Financial resources refers to money or funds which are available to a business entity for spending Some of the financial resources that are required to achieve the goals of the business plan includes liquid securities, money, credit, and other cash equivalents. Other examples of financial resources include valuable property which an organization owns and which can be used in doing things which require money. On the other hand, physical resources include all tangible resources which are both owned and used by an organization. Some of the physical resources that will be required by the company in order to achieve or attain the goals set in the business plan include among others office equipment, land, and manufacturing equipment. It is also important to note that information technology together with its related components such as the attendant equipment, servers, computers, printers, and even networks are also categorized generally under the physical resources that will be required to help the organization achieve the goals set out in the business plan. Lastly, human resources refer to the personnel of a specific organization or business entity. It is also defined as being a department of an organization or a business which deals with the hiring, recruitment, training, and even administration of personnel. Some examples of human resources which will be required to achieve the goals set out in the business plan includes individuals working for the company or even the organization and the relevant department that is tasked with the responsibility of managing resources which are associated to employees. Reference List Ansari, Z.N. and Qureshi, M.N., 2015. Sustainability in Supply Chain Management: An Overview. IUP Journal of Supply Chain Management, 12(2), p.24. Grant, R.M., 2016. Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Hair, J.F., 2015. Essentials of business research methods. ME Sharpe. Ross, D.F., 2016. Introduction to e-supply chain management: engaging technology to build market-winning business partnerships. CRC Press.