History of Barter System

Deal framework Barter framework is a well established technique that was embraced by individuals to trade their administrations and merchandise. This framework was utilized for a considerable length of time, before the creation of cash. Individuals used to trade the merchandise or administrations for different products or administrations consequently. These days, deal administrations has arranged a rebound with the approach of progressively advanced procedures that guide exchanging through the Internet. During antiquated occasions, bargain framework was a neighborhood wonder, which included individuals in a similar territory. Notwithstanding, today deal framework has gotten worldwide. You would now be able to haggle with the contrary party, in regards to the estimation of the thing you need to trade and the other way around. The benefit of bargaining is that it doesn't include cash. You can purchase a thing in return for some other thing you current . The bargain framework was perhaps the soonest type of exchanging. History of trade framework It encouraged trade of products and ventures, as cash was not designed in those occasions. The historical backdrop of trading can be followed back to 6000 BC. It is accepted that bargain framework was presented by the clans of Mesopotamia. This framework was then received by the Phoenicians, who dealt their products to individuals in different urban areas situated over the seas. An improved arrangement of trading was created in Babylonia as well. Individuals used to trade their merchandise for weapons, tea, flavors, and food things. At times, even human skulls were utilized for trade. Another mainstream thing utilized for trade was salt. Salt was so significant around then, that the pay of Roman fighters was paid in salt. The principle downside of this framework was that there was no standard measures to decide the estimation of merchandise and enterprises, and this brought about questions and conflicts. These issues were sifted through with the creation of cash, however the trade framework kept on existing in some structure or another. The Europeans began bridging the globe during the Middle Ages and utilized deal administrations to exchange their merchandise like hides and specialties toward the East, in return of fragrances and silks. Individuals of frontier America needed more cash for business, which was for the most part dependent on trade administrations. A large portion of their business comprised of wheat, skins of male deer (bucks), gun balls, and so forth. They were additionally specialists in trading administrations. On the off chance that individuals from one family consented to help their neighbors in reaping their yields, the last would help the previous in their errand, such as material their structure. The historical backdrop of bargain framework can likewise be connected to the underlying long periods of Oxford and Harvard Universities, where understudies used to pay their charges as food things, kindling or domesticated animals. Deal administrations got well known during the Great Depression during the 1930s', which saw a shortage of cash. The trade framework was utilized as a method of acquiring things like food and different administrations. The exchanging was done between individuals or through gatherings, who went about as specialists and encouraged outsider dealing. These gatherings resembled banks, where individuals kept up their records. If there should be an occurrence of offer of any of the things, the record of the proprietor would be credited and the record of the purchaser would be charged. It merits referencing that Adolf Hitler likewise utilized deal framework to gather cash for financing the war. He was occupied with deal exchanging with Greece, Sweden and Russia. Post World War II, the individuals of Germany also depended on dealing, as the German money had lost its worth. Bargain framework has been being used all through the world for quite a long time. The development of cash didn't bring about the finish of bargaining administrations. Here and there, fiscal emergencies filled the recovery of the trade framework, and the present downturn has by and by set a phase for its rebound. Despite the fact that cash is there for exchanging and for business, bargain framework despite everything exists and has gotten progressively solid and sorted out. ly have, yet don't need. This sort of exchanging should be possible through trade markets and online sell-offs.

The Making of Indonesia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Making of Indonesia - Research Paper Example The realities and legends about Indonesia, a Southeast Asian nation, make it an exceptionally mind boggling topic with its immeasurably shifted and dynamic history, legislative issues and social structure. Its universal picture, in any case, to a limited degree has been characterized by Oriental speculations that incompletely speak to its actual political, social, verifiable, strict and national perspectives. The President of the United States explained his perspectives, while tending to the understudies of the University of Indonesia: â€Å"The countries of Southeast Asia must reserve the option to decide their own predetermination, and the United States will emphatically bolster that right. However, the individuals of Southeast Asia must reserve the option to decide their own predetermination as well.† (Obama 2010) The ideas of ‘Orientalism’ and ‘othering’ couldn't have been clarified in better words. The locale of Southeast Asia should have normal issues; and this sort of geological cartography speaks to the outlook of the Western countries. The expression, ‘the option to decide their own destiny’ has significant repercussions of hundreds of years of expansionism and dominion of Southeast Asian nations. This chronicled certainty has so arendered the idea of Orientalism all things considered. As the legacy of Indonesia is assorted and charitable; thusly, it was normal to disregard certain realities about Indonesia while considering and breaking down its current political, strict and social structures. Islam, being the prevailing religion in this nation brings worries up in the West that longing it to turn into a common nation, to its greatest advantage.

The whole towns sleeping Essay Example

The entire towns resting Paper All through this article I expect to look into the adequacy of the diverse account styles utilized in the two short stories, A Terribly Strange Bed and The Whole Towns Sleeping. The accounts were expounded on one hundred years separated, The Whole Towns Sleeping in 1950 and A Terribly Strange Bed, a lot prior in 1856. This implies not exclusively will the depiction of the tales fluctuate dependent on the individual styles of composing of the writers yet in addition the social history of the hours of composing will be very unique. A Terribly Strange Bed is a story written in the principal individual story, which implies it is composed as an individual record of the occasions inside the story from the perspective of the principle character. It is generally composed as a character reviewing the story to another person after the occasions have occurred. The Whole Towns Sleeping then again is a story written as an outsider looking in account which implies it is composed from the perspective of an undetectable spectator who has no impact in the genuine story. It is composed as the occasions happen and is a lot of like a fly on the divider sort of point of view. The framework of the story in The Whole Towns Sleeping is that there is a quality of pressure working in an unassuming community as a man nicknamed the desolate one is circumventing slaughtering ladies But the others choked four of them, their tongues standing out of their mouths, they state. The fundamental topic of the story is about the responses and sentiments of three lady women as they stroll through the town in the corner of night to visit the film. We will compose a custom article test in general towns resting explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test overall towns dozing explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test in general towns resting explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The strain and dread of the story is expanded as the ladies discover the body of a companion who has been missing, Eliza Ramsell, and their reaction isn't to come back to the security of their homes, however is to proceed with their arrangements to stroll on, to the film. The women even spurn the counsel of the police to get back following the film appearing and wind up strolling through the town at 12 PM when almost the various inhabitants are securely secured up their homes sleeping. The peak of the story comes when the women need to separate as they arrive at their individual homes and Lavinia Nebbs is left to walk the most recent five minutes alone through the profound, profound and dark, dark gorge. The story closes with a bend as Lavinia at long last arrives at the security of being inside her home. A Terribly Strange Bed is an anecdote about a player who visits, as villain a spot, by all regard, as you ought to ever wish to see. This is a messy betting house where the subject of the story has an amazing run of good karma and is lucky enough to use up every last cent. While playing he is become a close acquaintence with by a somewhat dubious example of an old fighter. This officer later gets the subject alcoholic and leads him to a room where the horrendously peculiar bed is arranged. As the subject attempts to rest he becomes mindful that the bed he is lying on is shutting downward on him, taking steps to choke out him. He just figures out how to escape with his life, by moving from the moving bed and going out by means of his window and afterward descending a water pipe into the road underneath. The plots of the two stories are very extraordinary yet the topics of making a climate of dread and strain are fundamentally the same as. In the two stories there is a hero who is overbearing and who is partner of themselves and the moves that they take. They don't tune in to their friends and dont acknowledge exhortation quite well. In any case, the strain of the two stories is created in very various styles. In The Whole Towns Sleeping there is a moderate gathering of numerous occasions each adding to the strain before the peak is arrived at when Lavinia, the hero, crosses the gorge. Conversely, in A Terribly Strange Bed there isnt as much develop of strain and less occasions occur preceding the second when the enemy endeavors murder on the hero. In any case, there is a more prominent utilization of language and tongue making the story as long as The Whole Towns Sleeping, however less occupied. From the very beginning there are pieces of information regarding what the tales are around, A Terribly Strange Bed begins to manufacture an upsetting environment with a point by point depiction of the betting house which the hero and his companion visit. Expressions like,here there was only catastrophe and the exhibition was something to sob over, recommends an ideal setting for damage to come upon the character. The utilization of these expressions in the principal individual shows both feeling and feeling. This is a compelling method of laying everything out in light of the fact that a picture of a filthy, faintly lit stay with seriously dressed, rough looking tramps sitting and inclining toward dividers is promptly tossed into the brain of the peruser, making a feeling of anxiety. In The Whole Towns Sleeping the main trace of dread is recommended by the title of the film the women are to go to Welcome, Danger!

Work teams Essay Example

Work groups Essay The primary focal point of the investigation is on the variables that are probably going to impact the degree of learning of colleagues of a worldwide association that has effect on how the groups will perform and relate inside the association. As per the exploration examinations that have been conveyed by different scientists in the region of hierarchical learning and execution of groups, the elements that influence the learning procedure of groups in a worldwide organization and thusly influence the organization’s execution are assembled into two gathering; those that are inside the association itself and those that originate from outside. The variables inside the association for this situation considering an auxiliary of a global association remember the distinctions for the foundations of the representatives of the association like the social foundations, strict foundations, racial foundation, sex and age among others, the mentalities of the colleagues, the organization’s procedures of creation, and socioeconomics among others. Every one of these components inside the association influence the learning of the colleagues in a manner that if the administration of the association considers this variables and offers backing to them colleagues then the learning procedure will be simple and execution principles will improve a lot when contrasted with the associations where such a thought isn't given to the colleagues. We will compose a custom article test on Work groups explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Work groups explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Work groups explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer As concerning the variables out of the control of a global organization, not may investigates have given convincing outcomes for those outer elements on the grounds that the zone of research is all the more wide creation look into progressively troublesome. In spite of the fact that that is by all accounts the case the outside components like structure of the global association, worldwide reconciliation of firms in the business condition, overall learning and the neighborhood responsiveness of an auxiliary of an association among different factors in the outer condition of a worldwide influence the learning of groups in an association and its exhibition levels. At the point when the association is planning its exercises well with different organizations, when it urges people to gain from others in different associations, the auxiliaries can bolster themselves in the creation of merchandise and ventures and when it can make their structures adaptable to the diverse topographical areas group learning will be upheld and this will likewise enhance the presentation of the groups in the associations. The ends that than be produced using the examination of group learning, group execution and relations is that when the learning of people is upheld by utilizing different help methods accessible in the associations they will have the option to utilize the information that they have obtained to enhance their relational relations in the association making solid bonds in their groups and work for the best of the association as such improve the presentation of the association. Nhung T. Nguyen, Anson Seers, Nathan S. Hartman (2008). Putting great face on impression the executives: group citizenship and group fulfillment. Foundation of social and applied administration, 148-168. In this article the connection between an individual attempting to make a positive picture of the person in question to the colleagues and to the association overall and how this is probably going to impact the presentation of an association is investigated. In a few if not most cases people working in an association will need to be viewed as acceptable representatives, by the administration and the individuals from the association that they partner with. The impacts of people needing to depict such great pictures either by faking them or being genuine are being scrutinized a ton. At the point when an individual is attempting to make a decent picture of oneself he is probably going to draw in numerous individuals around the person in question that will naturally frame an a gathering in an association. The impact will be that his acceptable charactersâ will impact the colleagues work for the wellbeing of the association give the colleagues have faith in the picture that you have depicted to them. Individuals will need to connect themselves with the individuals who are being adulated in a positive manner in the association. To be related to that individual you must have the option to act and adjust to the way the individual who motivates you is carrying on. At that point impression the executives will be said to assemble working group that will collaborate to enhance the organization’s execution. On the opposite side the suggestions that may emerge from an individual needing to make a decent picture of oneself will be that if the individual is doing that for his own narrow minded intrigue and different individuals find that it will make doubt among the individuals which will lead connections inside the representatives the outcome in absence of coordination in conveying the exercises of the association prompting horrible showing. The proposals that can be made for this investigation is that the representatives ought to be educated on the need to depict their genuine pictures and make positive picture upgrades for the valid justifications just as that will be the main way others will be emphatically impacted to represent the best of the association. Anat Drach-Zahavy, Anat Somech (2000). Group heterogeneity and its relationship with group backing and group viability. Diary of instructive organization, 40, 1. Recovered on the web: http://www.emeraldinsigth.com/0957-8234 As examined in the article people who work in an association are not no different they have contrasts that will assist with recognizing every individual as special. Individuals in an association have distinctive work encounters, scholarly capabilities, points of view, sexual orientation, religion, abilities in addition to other things that can separate individuals working in an association. Every one of these distinctions in individuals working in an association if very much oversaw will assist an association with carrying out its exercises well since individuals will be alloted to take a shot at obligations and assignments that they will have the option to complete well. At the point when contrasts that exist in individuals in an association are all around dealt with the association will energize great relational connections between its representatives who will urge each other to work productively and successfully to benefit the authoritative objectives and targets. Since associations likewise vary in the idea of exercises that they do the route heterogeneity in the individuals from their groups contrast just as the outcomes that will be accomplished by the associations. Heterogeneity in an association can be arranged into two gatherings; one that identifies with the undertakings a group can perform and the one that depends on the connections that the colleagues have. At the point when the distinctions are related to the undertakings that group can act in an association this will bolster the colleagues to work for the authoritative objectives since they will incorporate and supplementing each other in doing their obligations well. For a situation where individuals are framing bunches due to the uncommon relationship intrigues that they have with one another then there is an issue in this as they are likely impact each other to a degree that they free spotlight on the primary objectives and targets of the association. Another issue that has been examined concerning the heterogeneity of groups in an association in this article is the one that identifies with how to improve the exhibition of groups in an association. Much accentuation has been made to ensuring that the gatherings are very much incorporated and this should be done when shaping individuals into bunches by guaranteeing that the individuals can have the option to help out one another. The groups likewise ought to be appointed to the occupations that they can have the option to complete thinking about their abilities. Consistent observing of the groups in an association is additionally pushed for if the group adequacy is to be accomplished. By checking the groups continually the association will have the option to decide the various issues that the groups are looking in doing their obligations, will be capable additionally to decide the degree of impact that the groups have on their individuals and on the results of the association. The association can likewise utilize the past experience it has had with various work groups to set a reasonable help instrument for every one of its groups as this will fabricate solid group bonds that will cooperate in concordance to accomplish the best for the association In finishing up group the executives and backing ought to be given consideration in an association since all the individuals from an association have a place with at least one groups in an association and giving them support in their endeavors of conveying the exercises of an association will have the option to urge them to function admirably and make the best choice constantly while in the association. Anat Drach-Zahavy, Anat Somech (2000). Group heterogeneity and its relationship with group backing and group adequacy. Diary of instructive organization, 40, 1. Recovered on the web: http://www.emeraldinsigth.com/0957-8234 The writers of the article from Mount Carmel Haifa in Israel utilized a few research investigations that have been made in the instructive foundations to talk about how the distinctions of colleagues can be taken care of so as make great connections in the groups that will urge them to cooperate in concordance to accomplish the best outcomes for the association. They broke down a few factors inside the association that are probably going to influence and impact group execution like group building and choice of people to the particular gatherings. Mary Z.

Using 250 Word Essay Samples

Using 250 Word Essay SamplesIn order to write a very good scholarship essay you need a good and large selection of quality topic ideas and you need to use the 250 word essay samples. This may seem like an overwhelming task, but it is not really a difficult one. You can write on anything you want as long as you make sure you include good ideas and information that will help you improve your abilities in writing.You have to understand the fine line between copying and plagiarism, because the people who are working with these sample essay ideas do not want to see someone break the law. Many scholarship writing sites charge a small fee for these essay samples, because they want you to learn how to improve your writing. It is a good thing that they will offer you a scholarship guide with sample topic ideas to help you out. The money they give you for the topic ideas you choose will be beneficial, because they will help you get better ideas.When you find the perfect topic idea to help you improve your skills in writing, you will want to make sure you put all of your creativity into it, because the problem that often arises is that you just jump in without putting any effort into the topic idea. You want to be very careful about this, because you will be tempted to use ideas from other sources that have nothing to do with the topic you selected.As you are writing the topic, it is important that you think about the exact time frame you are writing for. If you have a deadline, you should avoid using any incorrect information, because this could cause you to get into trouble and get your essay revoked. The 250-word essay samples can help you decide which topic idea you need to choose because of the emphasis and focus that are given on each topic.You want to make sure that you have a topic idea that is interesting and will stand out from the others, but it does not have to be long or involved one. Just make sure you do not fill up your topic with a lot of technical inform ation. You can always add another topic idea later if you feel like it.Once you have chosen the topic, you want to make sure that it makes sense and also make sure that you get all of the information right. You will want to check your source materials, so that you know what you are writing about, and you should check the Internet too to see if there are any spelling mistakes that have occurred.Using the 250 word essay samples can really help you improve your skills in writing, but you should make sure that you are doing things correctly. You do not want to make a mistake and end up being unable to get the scholarship that you need.

Seven Tips on How to Write an Expository Essay

Expository Essay Definition and Structure When writing an essay, your task is to explain an idea in a clear manner. With no personal subjective views or opinions, no emotions or feelings. Only bare facts and definitions. The language should be simple and plain. If you are asked to describe how the flower has grown, you don’t have to write about its smell or appearance. Writing an expository paper is easy only at first glance. Are there any expository essay prompts? Well, you are lucky to come across this article that if full of helpful tips and recommendations. As far as the structure is concerned, it consists of five paragraphs. They are the intro, 3 main paragraphs that form the body of the paper, and the conclusion. It’s good to know how to complete such essays as you’ll be able to use this skill in your future profession. So mastering it while you’re studying is a great advantage of you when searching for a new job. Write your expository essay outline: its structure and some tips What is an expository essay? In other words, you should brainstorm hard and answer why anyone may want to read your paper and what value you can give to your readers. Let’s consider how to write an expository essay in more detail. A good beginning How to start your essay? Start your expository paper with an intriguing sentence that can grab the reader’s attention. Make it sound and look attractive for the reader. If you know well who is going to read the essay, you will easily find the necessary words. Put the main idea of the story in the first sentence and explain what you’re going to say about. It’s a kind of a preview for the essay. You should mention the thesis in the last sentence of the first paragraph. A great context In the first paragraph, you should make sure that the readers know well what you’re writing about. Give them some background information. For example, you can write the name of the book and the name of the author. If you’re highlighting a historical event, it will be good to give more details about that specific day, etc. Find a perfect length The most popular expository essay format is five paragraphs. It doesn’t mean that you are limited or you cannot write more. First of all, look up in the guideline or ask your tutor about the format and the exact amount of paragraphs. If there are no limits, make it look proportional. Add more information to every part of your paper. Start the paragraph with an idea It is good if the reader can get the idea of what is going to be highlighted in the paragraph in the first sentence. Of course, it should prove your thesis. We know that this rule may seem too complicated. And if your paper is challenging, feel free to get tips on how to cope with it in the final part of the article. Prove your expository essay ideas Prove your ideas in subsequent sentences. It’s better to use cited quotes, summaries. Where can you take these things? You need to conduct the investigation in advance before you start composing your essay. You can also write about your personal experience. Try to give 2-5 proofs that support your idea. Conclude and make a transition Each paragraph should end with a little conclusion and logically take the reader to the next paragraph. If you don’t do it, the logical chain in the mind can break and there will be a sense of misunderstanding between you and your audience. This is not what you want. A good ending When it comes to finishing expository essay, ideas usually don’t come to the writer’s mind quickly. However, here are some helpful tips. Start your conclusion with paraphrasing your thesis. Make a summary of your ideas from each paragraph. End your essay with a final thought or provide a call to action phrase. Expository essays: 5 main types What are the most popular types of expository essay? Check it below and make your writing more effective: Comparison essay. As the name prompts you need to compare something or someone. You can compare differences and what’s in common as well. Process essay. It’s the most commonly used type of paper. Need an expository essay example? You can write about how to cook eggs or how to cut your hair, or anything else. Descriptive essay. This kind of paper gives you a lot of freedom. It means you can write as much as you want to attract the reader. Problem / Solution essay. Here you mention the problem that is usually stated in the first paragraph and you show the solutions to it. Cause and Effect essay. In this essay, you build up a logical chain in the minds of your readers about what happens as a result of this or that action. No time for completing your papers? If you have little time for composing your essays, there’s nothing to worry about. There are experts and authors who are always ready to come and assist you. If writing is challenging for it, you should definitely try ordering an essay. It means you ask another person to help you, provide the topics for expository essay, check the result and pay some money. Nothing more. Now you can relax and take it easy.

West Virginia Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education 2019

With only 15.7% of West Virginians possessing a bachelor degree, West Virginia college graduates have access to the best career opportunities in the Mountain State of West Virginia. Whether earning an associate degree, bachelor degree, or graduate degree, West Virginia university graduates earn more money and have more employment possibilities than high school graduates. Thanks to flexible degree programs, students from all life situations now have access to the advantages offered by West Virginia colleges and universities. Graduates of West Virginia Colleges and Universities Find Employment in Top 5 West Virginia Industries The number of professional jobs available in West Virginia has steadily increased with the arrival of several federal offices and facilities. West Virginia college graduates now find employment with West Virginias top 5 industries, including: West Virginia Government. West Virginia Trade, Transportation, and Utilities. West Virginia Educational and Health Services. West Virginia Leisure and Hospitality. West Virginia Professional and Business Services. .ubff2ac5579551110919e00de0fd0aebd { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ubff2ac5579551110919e00de0fd0aebd:active, .ubff2ac5579551110919e00de0fd0aebd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .ubff2ac5579551110919e00de0fd0aebd { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ubff2ac5579551110919e00de0fd0aebd .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ubff2ac5579551110919e00de0fd0aebd .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ubff2ac5579551110919e00de0fd0aebd:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Websites Helping Small Business West Virginia Economy Favors Graduates of West Virginia Universities and Colleges Tourists in search of skiing, white water rafting, rock climbing, and fishing are large contributors to the economy of West Virginia. Although economic statistics do not place West Virginia in a competitive position with the rest of the U.S., West Virginia college graduates have the brightest futures in the state. The most recent data from the Department of Labor and U.S. Census Bureau reveal: The September, 2006 West Virginia unemployment rate was 5.1%, not too far above the national average of 4.4%. 780,300 people are employed in West Virginia. The 2004 2005 West Virginia median household income was $35,467, a 2.6% increase from the previous year. West Virginia University Students have Access to Nontraditional Degree Programs West Virginia colleges and universities now offer flexible combinations of campus-based and online degree programs. Increased access to higher education throughout the state is made possible through West Virginia schools, such as: .ue7694acb4992b315b434e3a858c98f68 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ue7694acb4992b315b434e3a858c98f68:active, .ue7694acb4992b315b434e3a858c98f68:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .ue7694acb4992b315b434e3a858c98f68 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ue7694acb4992b315b434e3a858c98f68 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ue7694acb4992b315b434e3a858c98f68 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ue7694acb4992b315b434e3a858c98f68:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Missouri Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in Missouri, the Show Me StateKaplan University: Nursing Degrees, Criminal Justice Degrees, and Business Degrees. University of Phoenix: Nursing Degrees, Management Degrees, and Criminal Justice Degrees. Warren National University: Computer Science Degrees and Engineering Degrees. Capella University: Psychology Degrees and Nonprofit Agency Degrees. More information about West Virginia colleges and universities is available through College-Pages.com, the leading education and career resource website. Prospective students may request details from any West Virginia school of choice by clicking on any above program of interest. Related ArticlesVirginia Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in Virginia, the Old Dominion StateVermont Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in Vermont, the Green Mountain StateHow to Be a More Productive StudentOhio Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in Ohio, the Buckeye StateGreat-West Health Care Gets Great RatingsSouth Carolina Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in South Carolina, the Palmetto State .uae511a4b980ecc15bf39343a1af2aa8e { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:non e; } .uae511a4b980ecc15bf39343a1af2aa8e:active, .uae511a4b980ecc15bf39343a1af2aa8e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .uae511a4b980ecc15bf39343a1af2aa8e { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .uae511a4b980ecc15bf39343a1af2aa8e .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .uae511a4b980ecc15bf39343a1af2aa8e .postTitle { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .uae511a4b980ecc15bf39343a1af2aa8e:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ AA Business Watch Out for these Common Degree Scams

The Blue Wall Of Silence Essay - 2214 Words

Prompt: The Blue Wall of Silence is an unwritten moral code, among police officers, that essentially states that no officer is to report any acts of deviance, brutality, corruption or misconduct that their fellow officers may commit. Those in law enforcement may see this unwritten rule as a form of brotherhood and honor. However, this wall of silence also acts as a wall of deviance, in which officers allow their colleagues to commit unlawful acts. Is there a specific line that has to be crossed to determine a â€Å"rat† from a police officer who is serving their duty and enforcing the law? Background: Michael Dowd worked for the New York City Police Department for precinct 75 for ten years and five months. Throughout his career, he committed extortion, narcotics trafficking, protection of drug operations, engaging in personal drug use, committed thefts and admitted to the courts that he had committed hundreds of crimes. At the beginning of it all, East New York in the late 80s was extremely poor and there were about 3,500 murders a year and a lot of crime. The 75 was known to be the deadliest precinct in the country, leading the city in homicides and shootings; the calls did not stop (Russel, 2015). After about a year on the force Dowd started committing acts of corruption. The first bribe he took was from an 18 year old driver who had no license, registration or license plates. The deal was to leave a few hundred dollars on the seat of Officer Dowd’s car, in exchange forShow MoreRelatedThe Blue Wall Of Silence1554 Words   |  7 Pagesany individual. Due to th e Blue wall of Silence, insufficient training, unequal application of law, police culture, and the decrease of gun ownership, police brutality is on the rise. The blue wall of silence is the biggest issue for anyone prosecuting or getting prosecuted. The blue wall of silence, is a unwritten code within the police force to cover for each other. It received this name due to the strength and nature in which it works. Police officers usually wears blue, and the unwavering strengthRead MorePolice Departments Become Corrupt When Leaders Condone Unethical Behavior Essay984 Words   |  4 PagesPolice departments become corrupt when leaders condone unethical behavior. The Standard Operating Procedures are words on paper if officers are not properly trained on and is leadership enforced. The act of â€Å"breaking ranks† and the â€Å"blue wall of silence† are realistic ethical issues that affect police departments. It is the responsibility of leaders to properly protect, control and enact changes. Detective Serpico The inner workings of a police department promote an atmosphere of uniformity andRead MoreShort Story945 Words   |  4 Pagesjust long enough to catch their breath, but with the location of their foe unknown, Phelps opened a crack in the door just wide enough to hear the silence of the empty corridor. They were alone. Their prey still alluded them, and both men burst through the doors, setting off at a sprint along the passageway. Within thirty seconds, the signs on the walls announced the beginning of Hangar G. Phelps slowed. He searched for an entrance. Then, he stopped beside one of the huge maintenance doorways andRead MoreA Reflection Of A Strong Female Voice1120 Words   |  5 PagesAlone in small dark room, a young man sits silently with only the light radiating of screens to aluminate the office. It is silence with only the sound of typing and the occasional click of a computer mouse. Suddenly on the screen the face of a light hair woman appears; the image pixelated. She speaks â€Å" Wake up shipment number 563918. It is ready now† The image is gone. He places his hand on the scanner to authorise the release of the precious cargo. A warm breath escape from my mouth andRead MorePersonal Narrative : People Need People1028 Words   |  5 Pages I begrudgingly pulled into the nearly empty parking lot that lay adjacent to my family’s store, Smith’s Dress Emporium. My nights have been spent here every night since I was a kid. The same routine every day, day in and day out. The same faded, blue and red, checkered sign, the same grey, bland store front for my whole life. The only difference is now my father isn’t around to run the place. A few months ago, He passed away.. Consequently, I am the acting owner I cut the ignition and made myRead MoreEssay about Personal Journal: On Moving and Memories of a Home745 Words   |  3 Pagesheart of the house. The cabinets were painted bright green and the walls were linen white. When me and my sister were little my mother let us decorate the walls any way we wanted with a maccaroni yellow paint. She kept it up even when we were older, vowing to never paint over it, saying, â€Å"It’s nice to remember when you were young and cute.† That is how I knew something was changing. I came home from school one day and the walls were covered with a fresh, shiny coat of brown paint, the toxic fumesRead MorePolice Accountability And The Criminal Justice System1356 Words   |  6 Pagespartner is allowing it, he is in the wrong just as much as his partner. Within police officers, there is something called the blue wall of silence, which is when police officers fail to report another police officer for activities such as misconduct, viola ting laws, etc. In the movie Serpico it showed how the officers within his department followed the blue wall of silence. Frank Serpico was a good example of how the police should show police accountability. Serpico had the option to engaged corruptionRead MoreThe Utilization Of Body Cameras795 Words   |  4 Pagescreditable data is difficult to obtain due to the bias that is present in internal investigations. Internal investigations are often skewed in favor of police officers. Officers often work under an unwritten code known as â€Å"Blue Wall of Silence† (Nolan, 2009). The blue wall of silence suggests that law enforcement has a tendency to withhold the truth in order to cover up wrong doing on behalf of their fellow law enforcers. This makes law enforcement appear to be deceptive (Nolan, 2009). When police officersRead MoreShort Essay On The Monster Hunts961 Words   |  4 Pageswindows were cracked and broken. Jackie and Joe got out of their old black Ford Mustang. Jackie’s long blonde hair was tied up in a ponytail. She had on blue jeans, black combat boots,and a brown leather jacket. Jackie immediately ran to the back of their car and opened the trunk. Joe went over to the gate and checked out the place. Joe was wearing his blue jeans, his faded brown leather jacket, and dark brown construction boots. Joe returned and went to the back of car to meet Jackie. Inside of the trunkRead MoreNecessity Of Reform Throughout Police Culture1651 Words   |  7 Pagesdesperate need for reform in the current police culture. There is a certain culture of silence prevalent among law enforcement officers. It is usually known as the Blue Wall of Silence, or the Blue Code. It is an unwritten rule among officers, to not report on each other’s mistakes, misconducts, or crimes. It is not a far cry from the same code of honor followed by Italian-American Mafioso, who follow a code of silenc e, wherein being an informant was considered the blackest mark against ones manhood

The War Between France And Great Britain - 998 Words

Part One: 1: 1607; British colonists founded the Jamestown Settlement on May 17, 1697. The colony was named after King James I of England. Settlement established by men in search of gold for profit. No profit came of the search, instead diseases and famine were major problems faced by colonists. 2: 1754; The French and Indian War took place between 1754 and 1763. The war between France and Great Britain started after a dispute about land that the British wanted from the French. It angered them and some native Indian tribes. 3: 1773; British colonists began to become upset with all the new taxes imposed on them by Great Britain to pay for the debt of the French and Indian war. A group of British people later threw three shiploads of tea into the Boston Harbor, later known as the Boston Tea Party. It became a major event that lead to the Revolutionary War. 4: 1775; The American Revolution began. It started in response to the Stamp Act of 1765. Colonists felt the stamp act was unconstitutional, British government claimed it had the right to tax colonists. 13 American colonies would fight for independence to later become the United States. 5: 1776; The Founding Fathers draft the Declaration of Independence. The 13 American colonies announce it is time for separation from Britain monarchy and become independent. The declaration was also used by the founding fathers to gain foreign recognition. 6: 1787; The Constitution is written. It was written to establish and address theShow MoreRelatedThe War Of 1812 And The United States Essay1328 Words   |  6 PagesThe War of 1812 was the result of an ongoing feud between France, Great Britain, and the United States. The causes of the war included Britain attempt to restrict trade between France and the United States, Britain’s navy intimidating American seamen and the U.S. attempt to expand their territory. Before going into the war, the United States was fully aware that Britain had the greatest naval power in the world so this would be the costliest war financially and physically. The United States knewRead MoreThe American Colonies Military Struggles with European Nations687 Words   |  3 Pagesoutcomes of the French and Indian War, the American Revolution, and the War of 1812 are all significant links in the chronological chain of history that has led us to the creation of the United States of America. If any of thes e linked events were not to have occurred or had a different outcome, the United States very well would not exist or would still be a group of European colonies. Lasting from 1756 until 1763, The French and Indian War was mainly a proxy war fought between the American Colonies actingRead MoreThe French And Indian War1195 Words   |  5 Pageshistory, wars have been fought to gain territories, independence, or to fight against those who take away one’s rights. The French and Indian War was fought in North America over the Ohio Valley, however, it is much more than just a war to gain territory. This war opened doors to the colonists who decided that fighting for independence was something they were in need of doing. The French and Indian War was the portion of the Seven Year’s War that was fought in North America between Great Britain and FranceRead MoreThe Causes of World War I1090 Words   |  5 Pagesmost terrifying wars in history broke out. One by one, starting with Germany, the nations of Europe picked up their weapons and entered a four-year period of annihilation and destruction. Germany was by all means responsible for the conditions that led to the outbreak of World War I due to their hunger for sovereignty which crippled the balance of power in Europe, their unconditional support for Austria, and the German war plan which transformed what should have been a local war into a horrendousRead MoreThe Fischer Controversy. The Publication In 1961 Of Fritz1483 Words   |  6 Pagesthe First World War, caused a wave of reactions from other historians and the general public. His claim angered German historians because it stated that Germany was solely responsible for the outbreak of World War I because they had â€Å"aggressive war aims in 1914.† According to Fischer, World War I was the excuse Germany needed to advance these aims. Although Fischer’s claim focused only on Germany the impact he made was felt among other nations who had also taken part in World War I. In turn eachRead MoreA Brief Note On The American Civil War1375 Words   |  6 Pages European Involvement in the Civil War Jillisa Halverson History 151 Instructor: Dan Anderson December 5, 2015 The American Civil War represents a significant period in United States history. In this essay we will explore foreign involvement in the Civil War. We will specifically look at the roles of France and Great Britain played and how they used military positioning in Canada and off the US coast to affect the war. Finally, we will look at which foreign entitiesRead MoreThe Treaty Of Paris ( 1763 )952 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Seven Years War (1754-1763), or French and Indian War as it was known in North America between the British and French Empires. Agreement is different, from the Treaty of Paris signed in 1783 which concluded the American Revolution (1775-1783) and provided for the independence of the United States of America from Great Britain. It is also distinct from Treaty of Paris (1815) which solidified Napoleon s defeat in Europe, and the Treaty of 1856 which concluded the Crimean War (1853-1856). ByRead MoreThe Clash Of The Titans1602 Words   |  7 PagesTITANS The War of 1812 The War of 1812 began as a result of a long fought war between Great Britain and French forces led by Napoleon Bonaparte, that eventually infringed upon many of America s rights. France and Great Britain had been fighting since 1793. Napoleon was a very powerful and determined emperor who conquered much of Europe during the 19th century. The Royal Navy was very skilled at naval combat and France had a strong and capable leader that was very skilled in war tactics. TheRead MoreThe System Of Alliances : The Alliance System1273 Words   |  6 PagesEntente of Britain, Russia and France (1907) Although these alliances were defensive in nature, they meant that any conflict between one country from each alliance was bound to involve the other countries. The fact that Germany faced a war on two fronts greatly influenced her actions during the July Crisis. By 1914 Italy was only a nominal member of the Triple Alliance. She had concluded a secret treaty with France by which she promised to stay neutral if Germany attacked France and when war broke outRead MoreThe Main Causes of World War 1 Essay1295 Words   |  6 PagesGreat War, also known as The First World War, lasted for four year (1914 to 1918). It brought a huge development of war technics and weapons. More number of countries had been involved in the Great War than any previous war. It involved the mobilization of the whole nations, not just an enormous army that turned the war into a â€Å"total war†. (Clare 6) However, historians are still arguing about the major cause of the World War I. The major cause will be one of the four long-term causes of WWI, which

Air Pollution Is A Single Largest Environmental Health Risk

Air pollution is the presence in or introduction into the air of a substance in which has harmful or poisonous effects are being exposed into our atmosphere. Air pollution has been ranked as the largest health risk according to The World Health Organization (WHO). This World Health Organization reported that seven million people died in 2012 from air pollution-related sicknesses. From this statistic, this has led us to the proposal that air pollution is a single largest environmental health risk. This type of exposure has related itself to a large number of different adverse health effects that are most commonly heard of every day. Some of these health effects are associated with diseases such as COPD, asthma, other respiratory diseases,†¦show more content†¦These have all contributed to why and how our health effects from air pollutants are still problematic today. Our lives are impacted by what we do as humans living in this environment. There are many ways we can reduce t he rate of air pollutant diseases just by changing little things throughout our household and around our environment. The main reason why I wanted to write about air pollution was because of the massive issues that have occurred over the past years and have led up to our current health today. I was interested in informing myself more about the topic and how it affects us every day and what we can possibly do to help increase the quality of our air. Our environment is very sensitive and I feel that we should start being more observant on what we are doing that can make a change in our public and viral health. A lot of us take our environment for granted and I imply on changing peoples’ perspective so that we can all understand the standards of our environment and how we can improve it as well. While including many studies that can help us understand how our air quality is important, what causes the air pollution to make an impact, what kind of pollutants are harmful, and what are some main sources of air pollution. Two important sources of urbanization air pollution are traffic and power gener ations that can result in asthma. Asthma has two characteristics,

Proverb Analysis Essay Example For Students

Proverb Analysis Essay Have you ever helped a friend or family member in need? Or even a stranger? You probably did this out of good intent and wanted to be a good Samaritan. Well I applaud you! Well done! However, have you ever thought about what would happen if that person was in trouble again? I answered this question by writing my own proverb, Help a person in need, and he will think of you again when he is in trouble. It is pretty self explanatory. Once you help a person, they will go to you again when something goes awry. This may continue until a person stops it or the person being helped no longer needs assistance. It takes the idea of being a kind and courteous person in which it is a selfless good deed, to looking at the bad side of it. This proverb is meaningful to me because I made it up and secondly, because it actually makes sense. There have been a few incidents in my life that involved me helping others and being asked for help repeatedly afterwards. I know it doesnt sound like Im very nice but I just believe this because of previous experiences. I also know it may sound pessimistic but this proverb can only be fully understood when a person has had it happen to them. If you think of times where you helped someone, be it a friend or another, they usually come back again when they require assistance. Lets try an example: A friends comes and asks you for help on homework. You help them being the nice person you are and they thank you and leave. A while later, they return asking for more help but this time in a bit more urgent and less appreciative manner. You still help them. This continues on until they do it so much it gets on your nerves and no matter what you say, they still keep asking for help. They might tell friends and theyll ask you for answers as well as him, or he might never stop. This may be resolved but you have learned a lesson. Some people cannot be trusted. That is what I believe! However I believe that you shouldnt trust anyone just to be safe. Now this has happened to a friend of mine exactly how I described in the example. What convinced me to believe in this proverb is when I loaned a family member some money because they were broke. Afterwards, he asked for more money when he was out again. It was easy to stop this cycle by saying no and ignoring him but believe me; the process can be very difficult. Im sure that everyone has helped a person in need. That is very thoughtful and considerate of them. However, I believe it is a mistake to do so. When you help a person, they are grateful, but they could have done something about it by themselves. It is laziness and unbelief that drives them to ask for help. When you help a person in need, even though the short term effect are good, the long term is usually bad. Instead of having the person learn for themselves, you have given them the easy way out. There is always an answer and that is what people should believe. Not that the person next to them will give them the answer. By helping people, we are no better than those who help others cheat or con each other. We are fooling them and ourselves. When you see a homeless person on the street, you want to give them spare change or some food. What is keeping them from going out and getting a job? What will they do with the money or food when it is used up? They will want more. This proves that man is greedy. Once they have had something they like, they want more. .u07fc9fd6adee7790d6d5541e5e8386d6 , .u07fc9fd6adee7790d6d5541e5e8386d6 .postImageUrl , .u07fc9fd6adee7790d6d5541e5e8386d6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u07fc9fd6adee7790d6d5541e5e8386d6 , .u07fc9fd6adee7790d6d5541e5e8386d6:hover , .u07fc9fd6adee7790d6d5541e5e8386d6:visited , .u07fc9fd6adee7790d6d5541e5e8386d6:active { border:0!important; } .u07fc9fd6adee7790d6d5541e5e8386d6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u07fc9fd6adee7790d6d5541e5e8386d6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u07fc9fd6adee7790d6d5541e5e8386d6:active , .u07fc9fd6adee7790d6d5541e5e8386d6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u07fc9fd6adee7790d6d5541e5e8386d6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u07fc9fd6adee7790d6d5541e5e8386d6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u07fc9fd6adee7790d6d5541e5e8386d6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u07fc9fd6adee7790d6d5541e5e8386d6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u07fc9fd6adee7790d6d5541e5e8386d6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u07fc9fd6adee7790d6d5541e5e8386d6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u07fc9fd6adee7790d6d5541e5e8386d6 .u07fc9fd6adee7790d6d5541e5e8386d6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u07fc9fd6adee7790d6d5541e5e8386d6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Discrimination in America EssayLike an addiction. Some people may say that there are people out there who cannot get jobs or money because of certain circumstances. I say that they should overcome those obstacles. What is life when you dont make anything of it? The greatest joy is overcoming an obstacle and becoming able to do something. That is how everyone should think. Not that there will be others who will help them. Next time that someone asks for help for something that they can complete by them selves, remember Help a person in need, and he will think of you again when he is in trouble.

Companies Act 2013 free essay sample

Introduction Companies Act, 2013 is an Act of the Parliament of India which regulates incorporation of a company, responsibilities of a company, directors, and dissolution of a company. The 2013 Act is divided into 29 chapters containing 470 clauses as against 658 Sections in the Companies Act, 1956. The Act has replaced The Companies Act, 1956 (in a partial manner) after receiving the assent of the President of India on 29 August 2013. The Act came into force on 12 September 2013 with only certain provisions of the Act notified. It consists of 29 Chapters , 470 Clauses (i. e Sections) and 7 Schedules. Background Companies Act, 2013 (2013 Act) has been assented by the President of India on 29 August 2013 and published in Official Gazette on 30 August 2013. 2013 Act empowers the Central Government to bring into force various sections from such date(s) as may be notified in the Official Gazette. The 2013 Act stipulates enhanced self-regulations coupled with emphasis on corporate democracy and provides for amongst others, business friendly corporate regulation / pro-business initiatives, e-governance initiatives, good corporate governance, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), enhanced disclosure norms, enhanced accountability of management, stricter enforcement, audit accountability, protection for minority shareholders, investor protection and activism and better framework for insolvency regulation and institutional structure. Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), Government of India (GOI) has initiated the process to implement 2013 Act in consultation with concerned regulatory authorities, Ministry of Law Justice and other stakeholders. In this regard, first set of draft rules have been placed for public comments on 9 September 2013. GOI decided to enforce the provisions of 2013 Act in phases. The provisions of the 2013 Act which require statutory or regulatory consultation or functioning of new bodies or description of relevant rules and forms will be brought in force after the preparatory action is completed. Keeping this in mind, GOI has notified those provisions of 2013 Act which do not require such preparations. Accordingly, GOI has notified 98 sections of 2013 Act which will come into force effective 12 September 2013. This document is prepared keeping the provisions of the 2013 Act and does not capture provisions of the Rules as the same are in Draft stage and are subject to change once the feedback of the stakeholders is received by MCA and incorporated in the final Rules. Prescribed or as prescribed or as may be prescribed used in this document means the Rules as may be finalized by the CG. Content Chapter I -Preliminary (1 2) Chapter II -Incorporation of Company and Matters Incidental Thereto. Chapter III -Prospectus and Allotment of Securities (23 42). Chapter IV -Share Capital and Debentures (43 72). Chapter V -Acceptance of Deposits by Companies (73 76). Chapter VI -Registration of Charges (77 87) Chapter VII -Management and Administration (88 122) Chapter VIII -Declaration and Payment of Dividend (123 127) Chapter IX -Accounts of Companies (128 138) Chapter X -Audit and Auditors (139 148) Chapter XI -Appointment and Qualifications of Directors (149 172) Chapter XII -Meetings of Board and its Powers (173 195) Chapter XIII-Appointment and Remuneration of Managerial Personnel(196-205) Chapter XIV -Inspection, Inquiry and Investigation(206 229) Chapter XV -Compromises, Arrangements and Amalgamations (230 240) Chapter XVI-Prevention of Oppression and Mismanagement (241 246) Chapter XVII-Registered Valuers (247) Chapter XVIII-Removal of Name of companies from the Register of Companies(248-252 Chapter XIX-Revival and Rehabilitation of Sick Companies (253 269) Chapter XX-Winding Up (270 365) Chapter XXI Companies Authorised to Register Under This Act Winding up of unregistered companies(366-378) Chapter XXII-Companies Incorporated Outside India (379- 393) Chapter XXIII-Government Companies (394 395) Chapter XXIV-Registration offices and fees (396 404) Chapter XXV-Companies to Furnish Information or Statistics (405) Chapter XXVI-Nidhis (406) Chapter XXVII-National Company Law Tribunal and Appellate Tribunal (407-434) Chapter XXVIII- Special Courts (435 446) Chapter XXIX Miscellaneous (447 470) Background 2003 (Bill was introduced in 2003 by MCA in Rajya Sabha on 07. 05. 2003. For want of large number of changes comprehensive review required) 2004 (Concept Paper on new company law was placed on ministry’s website. Government constituted JJ Irani Committee which gave report on 31. 05. 2005. Comprehensive review required) 2008 (Companies bill’2008 introduced but lapse due to Lok Sabha Dissolution) 2009 Bill was introduced in Lok Sabha and referred to Parliamentary Standing Committee. In view of numerous amendments Govt. withdrew this bill and introduced Cos. Bill ‘2011. This is the bill was introduced in Dec’2011 and passed in 2012. Reasons for the change The changing national and international economic environment. Exponential growth of the Indian economy. Changes in the stakeholders’ expectations. Manifold Increase in Number of Companies. Year No. of Companies 1956 30,000 approx 2013 11, 00,000 approx The need of a legal framework was felt to enable the Indian corporate sector to adopt the best international practices in a globally competitive manner, fostering a positive environment for investment and growth. Companies Bill 2012 was passed by Lok Sabha on 18th December, 2012 and subsequently, was passed by the Rajya Sabha on 8th August, 2013. The bill comprises of 29 chapters, 470 Clauses with 7 Schedules as against 658 sections and 14 Schedules in the Companies Act, 1956. Substantively a law based on Rules (as may be prescribed). In 470 Clauses the word â€Å"as may be prescribed† has been used at around 336 places. New Concepts Private company to have a maximum of 200 members (earlier limit was up to 50). (Clause 2 (68)) E-Governance – maintenance and allowing inspection of documents by companies in electronic form. (Clause 120) Vigil mechanism (whistle blowing) introduced. (Clause 177 (10)) In prescribed class or classes of companies, there should be at least 1 woman director. (Clause 149 (1)) Restrictions on layers of subsidiaries. (Clause 2 (87)) The Financial Year of any Company can be only from April-March. Existing companies has to align within 2 years of the commencement of the Act. (Clause 2 (41)) Memorandum not to have ‘other objects’. (Clause 4 (1)) A person cannot become director in more than 20 companies instead of 15 as provided in the Companies Act 1956 and out of this 20, he cannot be director of more than 10 public companies. (Clause 165) Shareholders to have exit option if money raised has not been utilized. (Clause 27) A company can make buyback even if it had at any time defaulted in repayment of deposit or interest payable thereon, redemption of debentures or preference shares or payment of dividend to any shareholder or repayment of any term loan or interest payable thereon to any financial institution or bank, provided that default must have been remedied and a period of 3 years must have lapsed after such default ceased to subsist. (Clause 66 (6)) Concept of CSR introduced. (Clause 135) Definition of independent Directors introduced. (Clause 149 (5)) Condition and manner for issue of Bonus shares has been introduced. (Clause 63) New provisions suggested for allowing re-opening of accounts in certain cases with due safeguards. (Clause 130) Consolidation of Accounts (Clause 129) Secretarial Audit Report given by a company secretary in practice is required to be attached with Boards’ report in case of bigger companies. (Clause 204) Key definitions and concepts The 2013 Act has introduced several new concepts and has also tried to streamline many of the requirements by introducing new definitions. This chapter covers some of these new concepts and definitions in brief. A few of these significant aspects have been discussed in detail in further chapters. 1. Companies 1. 1 One-person company: The 2013 Act introduces a new type of entity to the existing list i. e. apart from forming a public or private limited company, the 2013 Act enables the formation of a new entity a ‘one-person company’ (OPC). An OPC means a company with only one person as its member [section 3(1) of 2013 Act]. 1. 2. Private company: The 2013 Act introduces a change in the definition for a private company, inter-alia, the new requirement increases the limit of the number of members from 50 to 200. [Section 2(68) of 2013 Act]. 1. 3. Small company: A small company has been defined as a company, other than a public company. (i) Paid-up share capital of which does not exceed 50 lakh INR or such higher amount as may be prescribed which shall not be more than five crore INR (ii) Turnover of which as per its last profit-and-loss account does not exceed two crore INR or such higher amount as may be prescribed which shall not be more than 20 crore INR: As set out in the 2013 Act, this section will not be applicable to the following: †¢ A holding company or a subsidiary company †¢ A company registered under section 8 †¢ A company or body corporate governed by any special Act [section 2(85) of 2013 Act] 1. 4. Dormant company: The 2013 Act states that a company can be classified as dormant when it is formed and registered under this 2013 Act for a future project or to hold an asset or intellectual property and has no significant accounting transaction. Such a company or an inactive one may apply to the ROC in such manner as may be prescribed for obtaining the status of a dormant company. [Section 455 of 2013 Act] 2. Roles and responsibilities 2. 1 Officer: The definition of officer has been extended to include promoters and key managerial personnel [section 2(59) of 2013 Act]. 2. 2 Key managerial personnel: The term ‘key managerial personnel’ has been defined in the 2013 Act and has been used in several sections, thus expanding the scope of persons covered by such sections [section 2(51) of 2013 Act]. 2. 3. Promoter: The term ‘promoter’ has been defined in the following ways:†¢ A person who has been named as such in a prospectus or is identified by the company in the annual return referred to in Section 92 of 2013 Act that deals with annual return; or †¢ who has control over the affairs of the company, directly or indirectly whether as a shareholder, director or otherwise; or †¢ in accordance with whose advice, directions or instructions the Board of Directors of the company is accustomed to act. The proviso to this section states that sub-section (c) would not apply to a person who is acting merely in a professional capacity. [Section 2(69) of 2013 Act] 2. 4: Independent Director: The term’ Independent Director’ has now been defined in the 2013 Act, along with several new requirements relating to their appointment, role and responsibilities. Further some of these requirements are not in line with the corresponding requirements under the equity listing agreement [section 2(47), 49(5) of 2013 Act]. 3. Investments 3. 1 Subsidiary: The definition of subsidiary as included in the 2013 Act states that certain class or classes of holding company (as may be prescribed) shall not have layers of subsidiaries beyond such numbers as may be prescribed. With such a restrictive section, it appears that a holding company will no longer be able to hold subsidiaries beyond a specified number [section 2(87) of 2013 Act]. 4. Financial statements 4. 1. Financial year: It has been defined as the period ending on the 31st day of March every year, and where it has been incorporated on or after the 1st day of January of a, the period ending on the 31st day of March of the following year, in respect whereof financial statement of the company or body corporate is made up. [Section 2(41) of 2013 Act]. While there are certain exceptions included, this section mandates a uniform accounting year for all companies and may create significant implementation issues. 4. 2. Consolidated financial statements: The 2013 Act now mandates consolidated financial statements (CFS) for any company having a subsidiary or an associate or a joint venture, to prepare and present consolidated financial statements in addition to standalone financial statements. 4. 3. Conflicting definitions: There are several definitions in the 2013 Act divergent from those used in the notified accounting standards, such as a joint venture or an associate,, etc. , which may lead to hardships in compliance. 5. Audit and auditors 5. 1 Mandatory auditor rotation and joint auditors: The 2013 Act now mandates the rotation of auditors after the specified time period. The 2013 Act also includes an enabling provision for joint audits. 5. 2 Non-audit services: The 2013 Act now states that any services to be rendered by the auditor should be approved by the board of directors or the audit committee. Additionally, the auditor is also restricted from providing certain specific services. 5. 3. Auditing standards: The Standards on Auditing have been accorded legal sanctity in the 2013 Act and would be subject to notification by the NFRA. Auditors are now mandatorily bound by the 2013 Act to ensure compliance with Standards on Auditing. 5. 4 Cognisance to Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS): The 2013 Act, in several sections, has given cognisance to the Indian Accounting Standards, which are standards converged with International Financial Reporting Standards, in view of their becoming applicable in future. For example, the definition of a financial statement includes a ‘statement of changes in equity’ which would be required under Ind AS. [Section 2(40) of 2013 Act] 5. 5. Secretarial audit for bigger companies: In respect of listed companies and other class of companies as may be prescribed, the 2013 Act provides for a mandatory requirement to have secretarial audit. The draft rules make it applicable to every public company with paid-up share capital Rs. 100 crores*. As specified in the 2013 Act, such companies would be required to annex a secretarial audit report given by a Company Secretary in practice with its Board’s report. [Section 204 of 2013 Act] 5. 6. Secretarial Standards: The 2013 Act requires every company to observe secretarial standards specified by the Institute of Company Secretaries of India with respect to general and board meetings [Section 118 (10) of 2013 Act], which were hitherto not given cognizance under the 1956 Act. 5. 7. Internal Audit: The importance of internal audit has been well acknowledged in Companies (Auditor Report) Order, 2003 (the ‘Order’), pursuant to which auditor of a company is required to comment on the fact that the internal audit system of the company is commensurate with the nature and size of the company’s operations. However, the Order did not mandate that an internal audit should be conducted by the internal auditor of the company. The Order acknowledged that an internal audit can be conducted by an individual who is not in appointment by the company. The 2013 Act now moves a step forward and mandates the appointment of an internal auditor who shall either be a chartered accountant or a cost accountant, or such other professional as may be decided by the Board to conduct internal audit of the functions and activities of the company. The class or classes of companies which shall be required to mandatorily appoint an internal auditor as per the draft rules are as follows: * †¢ Every listed company †¢ Every public company having paid-up share capital of more than 10 crore INR †¢ Every other public company which has any outstanding loans or borrowings from banks or public financial institutions more than 25 crore INR or which has accepted deposits of more than 25 crore INR at any point of time during the last financial year 5. 8. Audit of items of cost: The central government may, by order, in respect of such class of companies engaged in the production of such goods or providing such services as may be prescribed, direct that particulars relating to the utilisation of material or labour or to other items of cost as may be prescribed shall also be included in the books of account kept by that class of companies. By virtue of this section of the 2013 Act, the cost audit would be mandated for certain companies. [section 148 of 2013 Act]. It is pertinent to note that similar requirements have recently been notified by the central government. 6. Regulators 6. 1. National Company Law Tribunal (Tribunal or NCLT): In accordance with the Supreme Court’s (SC) judgement, on 11 May 2010, on the composition and constitution of the Tribunal, modifications relating to qualification and experience, etc. of the members of the Tribunal has been made. Appeals from the Tribunal shall lie with the NCLT. Chapter XXVII of the 2013 Act consisting of section 407 to 434 deals with NCLT and appellate Tribunal. 6. 2. National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA): The 2013 Act requires the constitution of NFRA, which has been bestowed with significant powers not only in issuing the authoritative pronouncements, but also in regulating the audit profession. 6. 3. Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO): The 2013 Act has bestowed legal status to SFIO. 7. Mergers and acquisitions The 2013 Act has streamlined as well as introduced concepts such as reverse mergers (merger of foreign companies with Indian companies) and squeeze-out provisions, which are significant. The 2013 Act has also introduced the requirement for valuations in several cases, including mergers and acquisitions, by registered valuers. 8. Corporate social responsibility The 2013 Act makes an effort to introduce the culture of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Indian corporates by requiring companies to formulate a corporate social responsibility policy and at least incur a given minimum expenditure on social activities. 9. Class action suits The 2013 Act introduces a new concept of class action suits which can be initiated by shareholders against the company and auditors. 10. Prohibition of association or partnership of persons exceeding certain number The 2013 Act puts a restriction on the number of partners that can be admitted to a partnership at 100. To be specific, the 2013 Act states that no association or partnership consisting of more than the given number of persons as may be prescribed shall be formed for the purpose of carrying on any business that has for its object the acquisition of gain by the association or partnership or by the individual members thereof, unless it is registered as a company under this 1956 Act or is formed under any other law for the time being in force: As an exception, the aforesaid restriction would not apply to the following: †¢ A Hindu undivided family carrying on any business †¢ An association or partnership, if it is formed by professionals who are governed by special acts like the Chartered Accountants Act, etc. [section 464 of 2013 Act] 11. Power to remove difficulties The central government will have the power to exempt or modify provisions of the 2013 Act for a class or classes of companies in public interest. Relevant notification shall be required to be laid in draft form in Parliament for a period of 30 days. The 2013 Act further states no such order shall be made after the expiry of a period of five years from the date of commencement of section 1 of the 2013 Act [section 470 of 2013 Act]. 12. Insider trading and prohibition on forward dealings The 2013 Act for the first time defines ‘insider trading and price-sensitive information and prohibits any person including the director or key managerial person from entering into insider trading [section 195 of 2013 Act]. Further, the Act also prohibits directors and key managerial personnel from forward dealings in the company or its holding, subsidiary or associate company [section 194 of 2013 Act]. Corporate Social Responsibility The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) had introduced the Corporate Social Responsibility Voluntary Guidelines in 2009. These guidelines have now been incorporated within the 2013 Act and have obtained legal sanctity. Section 135 of the 2013 Act, seeks to provide that every company having a net worth of 500 crore INR, or more or a turnover of 1000 crore INR or more, or a net profit of five crore INR or more, during any financial year shall constitute the corporate social responsibility committee of the board. This committee needs to comprise of three or more directors, out of which, at least one director should be an independent director. The composition of the committee shall be included in the board’s report. The committee shall formulate the policy, including activities specified in Schedule VII, which are as follows: †¢ Eradicating extreme hunger and poverty and promotion of education †¢ Promoting gender equality and empowering women †¢ Reducing child mortality and improving maternal health †¢ Combating human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, malaria and other diseases and ensuring environmental sustainability †¢ Employment enhancing vocational skills and social business projects †¢ Contribution to the Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund or any other fund set-up by the central government or the state governments for socio-economic development and relief, and funds for the welfare of the scheduled castes and Tribes, other backward classes, minorities and women There have been mixed reactions to the introduction of the ‘spend or explain’ approach taken by the MCA with respect to CSR. It may take a while before all of Corporate India imbibes CSR as a culture. However, activities specified in the Schedule are not elaborate or detailed enough to indicate the kind of projects that could be undertaken, for example, environment sustainability or social business projects could encompass a wide range of activities. The committee will also need to recommend the amount of expenditure to be incurred and monitor the policy from a time-to-time. The board shall disclose the contents of the policy in its report, and place it on the website, if any, of the company. The 2013 Act mandates that these companies would be required to spend at least 2% of the average net-profits of the immediately preceding three years on CSR activities, and if not spent, explanation for the reasons thereof would need to be given in the director’s report(section 135 of the 2013 Act). Conclusion The 2013 Act is expected to facilitate business-friendly corporate regulation, improve corporate governance norms, enhance accountability on the part of corporate and auditors, raise levels of transparency and protect interests of investors, particularly small investors. It has brought on many new concepts and it will be helpful as the old companies act was not up to date with the new competitive world as it was made many years ago. So it would be helpful for growth of companies in India.

The Interview Paper Essays - Hong Kong, Pearl River Delta

The Interview Paper The Interview Paper Interviewer : Chen Siu Ming Interviewee : Wanman Stoneman Chan Date : 02 17 - 1998 Description of Stoneman Stoneman is ninetieth-years-old. He is a 5 feet 8 inch Chinese boy. He has a big nose but small eyes with glasses. By looking at his mouth, you will think that he is a talkative boy because of his big mouth, but not. He is a passive person. If you dont talk to him, he never opens his big mouth because he knows his mouth stink. Although you maybe hate stink, you will like to talk with him because he is really very kind and he can give you a good reaction and a helpful suggestion when you have any problem you cant solve by yourself. He is a smart boy and also a fat boy. His abdomens length is 37 inch. He can eat 4 Big-Macs in the lunch, therefore he got 185 pound. He dont like sport, so I think it is very difficult for him when he want to lose his weight. Interview with Stoneman Q: It is very nice to have an interview with you. You came from Hong Kong. How long have you been living in the United States? A: My family came here in 1990 and I came here in 1994. Q: Why did you come here later 4 years than your family? Did you live alone in Hong Kong when your family was here? A: No, I lived with my uncle. The reason why I stayed in Hong Kong was I wanted to study in the Hong Kong University. I had to finish the high school and pass the Hong Kong Certification of Education Examination to get in the Hong Kong University. So I stayed in Hong Kong and studied. Q: Did you pass the exam? A:Yes, I passed the examination but the grade was not high enough to get in the Hong Kong University. Q: So you came here for continuous your education? A: You can say that, but actually, my family immigrated in this country. Q: Which college are you studying now? A: Queensborough Community College but I will transfer to the St. John University next years because my college is a 2-year college, so I have to go to another college. Q: What is your major? A: My majors are Economic and Marketing. The minor is Accounting. Q: You have a lot of classes, do you think you can handle them? A: Yes, of course. The Americas education is not similar to Hong Kong. I feel no pressure in studying here. It is so comfortable to study in this country. Q: What do you think about the differences of education or college between Hong Kong and the United States? A: I dont know how to say but I can remember that when I was studying in Hong Kong, I felt extremely terrible pressure everyday. You know there are only 7 universities in Hong Kong and more than ninety thousand students want to get to the universities every year. It is not enough seat to supply all the students. You have to contend with another students. You must fight for the certification to go to the university. That pressure drove me crazy. It was an indelible memory and I cannot forget it because it already branded in my mind. But in this country, you can find college or university everywhere. You dont need to worry that you cannot go to the college. You can also apply the finical aid. The only think you must worry about is yourself. You dont need to strive with another students but it doesnt mean you dont need to concentrate on your study. Therefore yourself is the only one you must fight to. Q: I think you like to study in this country but do you like to live in this country? I heard that a lot of Hong Kong people dont like to live in here because they feel bored. They also say it is quite expensive to live in here. What do think about this? A: To be honest, I feel bored in here sometime. You know Hong Kong is a crowd city. I still remember when I lived in Hong Kong, I could go to movie or go to play the t.v. games when I felt

Sample of Introduction of Retail Store APA Essay

Sample of Introduction of Retail Store APA EssayThe Sample of Introduction of Retail Store APA Essay is a study guide that provides guidance to college students on how to write a successful APA essay. It has been designed to help students prepare for AP exams so that they are prepared to be successful in their classes. It can be easily downloaded online and used during class, as well as, used as a reference when writing an APA essay.The sample of the introduction of retail store essay is divided into four sections. These sections include, :Part one focuses on a common mistake students make when writing an essay. This section also contains important information that students should not overlook. Part two contains instructions on creating a thesis statement.The third section is comprised of descriptive text and learning. Students will need to know the correct way to format sentences, to read information from a paper, and to use proper spelling and grammar. After this portion of the sam ple of introduction of retail store essay is completed, students will learn about the course reading guide and vocabulary.The fourth section is the writer's part. The guide teaches students how to structure and format their essays. After this section is completed, students can choose from a variety of options to use in the college essay.The test begins with two AP exams, and students have to write their essay based on the items that were covered in the course readings and on the essay prompt that has been given. Students are only given a certain amount of time to complete their essays. The time allotted is determined by how many courses the student is taking.The main reason for choosing this essay guide is to teach students about the general formatting and writing style. Many students who are not familiar with how to format their essays may find this part of the guide very helpful. Additionally, this portion of the guide is extremely helpful to help students prepare for tests that w ill be given at the end of the semester.For those students who find writing easy, this guide can be a wonderful addition to the resources they have available to them. By reviewing the Sample of Introduction of Retail Store APA Essay, students will see what types of style they need to use in order to be successful.

Calculating Osmotic Pressure With an Example Problem

Calculating Osmotic Pressure With an Example Problem The osmotic pressure of a solution is the minimum amount of pressure needed to prevent water from flowing into it across a semipermeable membrane. Osmotic pressure also reflects how readily water can enter the solution via osmosis, as across a cell membrane. For a dilute solution, osmotic pressure obeys a form of the ideal gas law and can be calculated provided  you know the concentration of the solution and the temperature. Osmotic Pressure Problem What is the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by adding 13.65 g of sucrose (C12H22O11) to enough water to make 250 mL of solution at 25  °C?Solution:Osmosis and osmotic pressure are related. Osmosis is the flow of a solvent into a solution through a semipermeable membrane. Osmotic pressure is the pressure that stops the process of osmosis. Osmotic pressure is a colligative property of a substance since it depends on the concentration of the solute and not its chemical nature.Osmotic pressure is expressed by the formula:ÃŽ   iMRT (note how it resembles the PV nRT form of the Ideal Gas Law)whereÃŽ   is the osmotic pressure in atmi van t Hoff factor of the soluteM molar concentration in mol/LR universal gas constant 0.08206 L ·atm/mol ·KT absolute temperature in K Step 1,Find the Concentration of Sucrose To do this, look up the atomic weights of the elements in the compound:From the periodic table:C 12 g/molH 1 g/molO 16 g/mol Use the atomic weights to find the molar mass of the compound. Multiply the subscripts in the formula times the atomic weight of the element. If there is no subscript, it means one atom is present.molar mass of sucrose 12(12) 22(1) 11(16)molar mass of sucrose 144 22 176molar mass of sucrose 342nsucrose 13.65 g x 1 mol/342 gnsucrose 0.04 molMsucrose nsucrose/VolumesolutionMsucrose 0.04 mol/(250 mL x 1 L/1000 mL)Msucrose 0.04 mol/0.25 LMsucrose 0.16 mol/L Step 2,Find absolute temperature Remember, absolute temperature is always given in Kelvin. If the temperature is given in Celsius or Fahrenheit, convert it to Kelvin. T  °C 273T 25 273T 298 K Step 3,Determine the van t Hoff factor Sucrose does not dissociate in water; therefore the van t Hoff factor 1. Step 4,Find the Osmotic Pressure To find the osmotic pressure, plug the values into the equation. ÃŽ   iMRTÃŽ   1 x 0.16 mol/L x 0.08206 L ·atm/mol ·K x 298 KÃŽ   3.9 atmAnswer:The osmotic pressure of the sucrose solution is 3.9 atm. Tips for Solving Osmotic Pressure Problems The biggest issue when solving the problem is knowing the vant Hoff factor and using the correct units for terms in the equation. If a solution dissolves in water (e.g., sodium chloride), its necessary to either have the vant Hoff factor given or else look it up. Work in units of atmospheres for pressure, Kelvin for temperature, moles for mass, and liters for volume. Watch significant figures if unit conversions are required.

How SAT Score Choice Affects Your Teens College Applications

If you submitted SAT scores for college applications, odds are that you didn’t get to choose which scores were submitted. Until relatively recently, all of your SAT scores would have been submitted when you requested that a college received your scores. With the introduction of SAT Score Choice, though, the game has changed for your teen. SAT Score Choice allows your teen to specifically select which SAT scores are submitted to which colleges, and some students believe that this can have a big impact on SAT test-taking strategies. To learn more about the SAT Score Choice program impacts your teen’s approach to SATs and college applications, don’t miss this post. SAT Score Choice allows students to manually select which colleges receive which SAT scores. For the regular SAT, this means that your teen can select which test date results are sent to which colleges. It does not allow your teen to select specific section scores, but it does allow your teen to withhold certain test date scores entirely. For SAT Subject Tests, your teen can select specifically which tests are sent, regardless of whether they were taken on the same test date of not. Simply put, with Score Choice your teen can select his or her highest scores and submit only those to the colleges of his or her choice, ensuring that these schools never see his or her lower test scores. Different colleges have different regulations regarding the use of Score Choice. Some colleges specifically request that applicants submit all available test scores. Other colleges request that students submit the test scores that represent their highest scores on each section. Still other colleges want to see only the highest combined score submitted. Within the Score Choice interface, your teen will see the score policies at each college and Score Choice will usually automatically suggest which scores should be submitted based on this policy. Even so, it’s a good idea for your teen to independently research the policy at each school that he or she intends to apply to and double check that the auto selections from Score Choice are accurate. For a glimpse at the Score Choice platform and how it suggests certain scores by school, check out the informational Score Choice video . Â   Our students see an average increase of 250 points on their SAT scores. Score Choice provides a strong advantage for students who have test anxiety or who otherwise underperform on the SAT. For these students, knowing that poor SAT scores do not have to be reported can be a big relief. In fact, some students might even view their first SAT as a trial run with the knowledge that SAT Score Choice will allow for these scores to be withheld indefinitely. Students should realize, though, that not all colleges allow Score Choice, as mentioned above. In fact, some colleges require that all SAT scores are submitted, thereby negating the advantages of Score Choice. Still, it might be reassuring for some students to know that many schools will allow him or her to submit only the highest scores achieved. Like most other score reports from the College Board, Score Choice isn’t free. Each score report you select will cost $12, though fee waivers are available . The only score reports that are free are those requested when you register for the SAT or up to nine days after having taken the test. It’s important to realize that in order to qualify for these free reports, your teen will have to request them without knowing his or her scores already. This can be a risky move, but if a college requires all scores to be submitted or if your teen comes out of the test feeling confident about his or her performance, this money saving strategy can pay off. It’s tempting for some students to think of Score Choice as a justification for taking the SAT many times. After all, many colleges will only ever see their top scores, so any lower scoring test dates will not ever be viewed. This ultimately isn’t a good strategy, though. Studies have shown that the most significant score improvements usually come between the first and second test administrations. Subsequent improvements tend to be smaller and smaller the more tests a student takes. We at recommend that a student takes the SAT around three times. Preparing for the first test administration appropriately, learning from mistakes, and improving on areas of weakness are the best strategies, rather than simply thinking of the first test as a practice run. Score Choice is a good alternative for students who stumble initially or underperform on a specific test date. If this is your teen, he or she might want to look into the specific SAT score policies at various colleges, and choose to apply to schools that will allow him or her to maximize the use of Score Choice. In addition, many resources are available to help your teen prepare for the SAT and boost his or her scores, if he or she has already taken the test. To get started, check out this series of comprehensive SAT guides:

The Role of Material Life, Language, Social Interaction and Aesthetics Essay - 2

The Role of Material Life, Language, Social Interaction and Aesthetics in Chinese Marketing - Essay Example This paper illustrates that in Chinese culture, material culture is revered as it is also one of the ways through which they express themselves. Material culture can be looked at in terms of artifacts, dressing, technology, and food. Materially Chinese prefer to use their own locally produced products as opposed to importing them from other countries. Hence it is common to find huge posters and other artworks containing Chinese workmanship that is totally different from what is commonly found in western cultures. All kinds of products, including food products, can be advertised or made popular through artifacts and technology. Much Chinese own television and radio sets; therefore, it would be easy for them to get information about new products on the market. The material life of Chinese is normally showcased in several of their festivals. The most relevant of the festivities, in this case, is the Moon Festival in which mooncakes are served as a delicacy. Mooncakes, which are closely related to Goodman Fielder’s Crunchy Cookies, are among the most popular of Chinese delicacies. Such festivities can be used as platforms to introduce and market new delicacies, in this case, the Crunchy Cookies that Goodman Fielder is planning to introduce into the market. Oriental dishes are very common in many of Chinese restaurants; however, it is not uncommon to find a few foreign food products in several stores. This means that although Chinese highly value their local food products, they are also open to other products that appeal to them. There are different languages spoken in China, however, there are some that are more prominently used than others. For instance, Mandarin and Cantonese are widely spoken more than any other languages in the country. English is also slowly gaining popularity, especially in the urban places. Language in China plays a huge role in social interactions. Many of Chinese websites, especially social interaction sites are operated in either M andarin, Cantonese or English. Whatever languages the Chinese use for their communication, they normally emphasize on politeness and respect.